棉花是我国的重要经济作物，棉花产业的健康稳定发展意义重大，本文简要介绍了“十一五”期间我国棉花科研在基础研究、转基因抗虫棉、现代分子育种体系、品种高效应用保障技术等方面所取得的主要成就，阐述了我国棉花产业面临的总量不足、黄萎病危害和新成灾害虫加重等重大问题，并提出应推进盐碱旱地植棉，扩大粮棉复种指数，加大棉花分子设计育种技术的应用，大力推进棉花全程机械化进程，深入开展“千斤棉”高产创建，大幅度提高单产水平，实现快乐植棉，从而提高我国棉花科技的自主创新能力和棉业国际竞争力。

It is important to develop a healthy and stable cotton production in China, because cotton is one of the most economically important crops in China. Firstly, the main achievements gained among the "11th Five-year Plan" of cotton researches on basic research, transgenic insect-resistant, molecular breeding, and technologies that can utilize varieties efficiently were introduced;secondly, the main problems of cotton production such as the shortage of production capacity, the damage of the verticillium wilt, and the threats produced by secondary pests were described;finally, in order to improve the innovativeness and competitiveness of China's cotton production, the following suggestions on cotton production development were provided: explore saline land and dry land to plant cotton, cultivate especial-early varieties that can be sowed after the harvest of wheat or rape, improve the technology application of molecular design breeding and promote the automation of cotton production to reduce labor intensity.