本文首先介绍了细胞膜中磷脂双分子层与膜蛋白的结构以及水快速传输的机理。在此基础上分别对以膜蛋白、碳纳米管和人造有机纳米孔道为水通道的仿生膜研究进展进行了综述，着重阐述了以膜蛋白为水通道的仿生膜中两性嵌段共聚物基质的优点、规模化制备面临的问题；以碳纳米管为水通道的仿生膜中水快速传输的机理与膜的制备方法；以及人造有机纳米孔道的设计方法。最后提出了水处理仿生膜所面临的挑战，展望了仿生膜发展的前景。

This review first presents the main two structures in cell membrane—the lipid bilayer and membrane proteins and the mechanism of the ultrafast water transportation .It then describles the three types of biomimetic membranes that apply membrane protein，carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and artificial channels as water channel respectively. At the part of the membrane protein，the advantages of amphiphilic block copolymer using as supporting matrix and the problem faced in large-scale production of defectless membrane have been introduce；the second part is mainly about the mechanism of ultrafast water transportation in CNTs and the fabrication method of the hybrid membrane；at the part of artificial channels what really important is the design method. The review concludes with a discussion on the fundamental and practical challenges and a future outlook on the application of biomimetic membrane for desalination.