膜污染防控是反渗透（RO）、纳滤膜研究的重要方向，是影响其应用的关键环节。本文总结了常见的反渗透膜污染类型，并对影响反渗透膜污染的关键因素进行分析；并重点综述了目前提高反渗透膜耐污性的方法，包括设计新型关键单体、表面物理改性、表面化学改性及共混改性等方法；最后对耐污染反渗透膜的研究进行了展望。

Anti-fouling membrane is an important research subject of reverse osmosis (RO) and the key to RO membrane application. In this paper, classification and influence factors of RO membrane-fouling are reviewed. Attention is focused on methods to improve anti-fouling property of RO membrane, including design of key monomer, physical surface modification, chemical modification, and blending modification. Prospect of anti-fouling RO membrane is made as well.