全球气候变化导致的水资源时空分布不均和经济快速发展带来的水污染所引发的水安全问题成为人类社会可持续发展面临的重要挑战。本文针对目前我国水安全的现状和存在的问题，结合国内外膜技术发展趋势，综述了膜技术在饮用水深度处理、废水处理、灾害应急供水及特种废水处理中的应用进展，分析和展望了膜技术应对水安全问题的研究方向。

During the past 20 years, membrane technology industry has achieved great development both in China and abroad, meanwhile, membrane technology plays an important role in solving water security problem. In this article, the development of membrane separation technology and its applications in deep treatment of drinking water, wastewater treatment, emergency water supplies and special wastewater treatment were summarized.