为明确生态保护和建设的概念及其在生态文明建设中的地位，理清我国生态保护和建设的现状，为新时期生态保护和建设发展战略的确定奠定基础，本文采用文献分析、实地专题调研、专家座谈咨询相结合的方法，对生态保护和建设的基本概念、战略地位、基本形势等进行了深入研究。研究结果表明，生态保护和建设是生态文明建设的三大主题之一，在生态文明建设中乃至对于人类的生存与发展都具有基础性和根本性地位，我国生态保护和建设的基本形势可以概括为“成就明显，局部改善；基础薄弱，形势严峻”。

This paper deeply investigates the basic concept, strategic status , basic form with the method of document analysis, field survey, experts counseling and focus group interviews to analyze the concept of ecological protection and construction, to identify the status of ecological civilization, and to clarify the current situation of ecological protection and construction, which lay a foundation for confirming the development strategy of ecological protection and construction. The result shows that ecological protection and construction is one of the three subjects of ecological civilization construction. It is fundamental in ecological construction even in human existence and development. The underlying state of ecological protection and construction in China can be summarized as “obvious achievement, partial improvement; weak foundation, severe situation”.