From aspects of five-in-one principle (ecological construction, economic, political, cultural and social), this paper systematically analyzes the constraint factors and institutional reform tasks to boost governance capacity for ecological civilization construction. This study discusses the connotation, goal and framework of governance capacity building, and summarizes the status quo and constraint factors from aspects of rule of law, regime and mechanism. Aiming at these problems, this study also puts forward the core tasks in aspects of legal construction, institutional reform, government management, market operation, public engagement, and cultural guidance.