Odor pollution is one of the environmental problems which have caused the strongest public complaints and drawn great attention of the government. Strengthening odor control is important for comprehensively accelerating the ecological civilization construction of China. This study overviews the development status of odor control in China from the aspects of research progress on odor characteristics, development status of odor control technologies, establishment status of the odor-related standards system, and odor control performance. It also analyzes the problem of odor annoyance caused by the emissions which meet the standards, and the drawbacks in terms of odorant measurement and monitoring, major odor contributor identification, standards system construction, secondary pollution control, and coordinated control of multiple pollutants. Furthermore, it suggests that highly sensitive and economically feasible measurement and online monitoring technologies should be further developed for the odorants to complement the odor profile of various odor sources. It is worthy developing the identification methods for major odor contributors, particularly applying big data and artificial intelligence, to support targeted pollution control. It is also necessary to develop the odor-related standards system based on the odor characteristics of different industries. Moreover, effective, environmentally friendly, and collaborative control technologies should be developed for odorants, greenhouse gases, and other pollutants considering their coexisting characteristics.

Coastal areas are rich in resources, economically developed, and densely populated. Affected by climate changes and human activities, regional geological disasters are prone to occur and are widely distributed, especially chain disasters triggered by the continuous evolution of individual disasters, posing a great threat to coastal stability and safety of coastal cities. This study analyzes the current status of typical geological hazards such as coastal erosion, shallow gas activities, and offshore submarine landslides in coastal areas worldwide, and sorts out their concepts, distribution, failure mechanisms, and prevention measures. Additionally, it summarizes the major monitoring techniques, theoretical methods, physical models, and numerical simulation methods for geological hazard research, and explores their applicable conditions and development bottlenecks. It is found that coastal erosion, shallow gas activities, and offshore submarine landslides mostly occur in the same area, and have correlations in terms of source and causal chains; that is, continuous coastal erosion can cause shallow gas leakage or directly lead to submarine landslides, and large amount of shallow gas leakage in geological layers can also trigger submarine landslides. To prevent and control the geological hazard chain in coastal areas, this study proposes a development strategy for future geological hazard monitoring and early warning, suggesting to build a space-air-Earth-sea multi-dimension integrated monitoring system, carry out mechanism analysis of big data and numerical simulation, and improve the early warning and forecasting of disaster chains with artificial intelligence, so as to provide a reference for urban safety and geological hazard source control in coastal areas.

Against the backdrop of the accelerated evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the integrated development of AI and industries has gradually become a trend and the core driving force for promoting industrial transformation and upgrading. As a result, the importance of intelligent assessment and structural analysis of industries has emerged and the demand is urgent. This study proposes an evaluation model (i.‍e., Patent-AIIIA) for the integrated development of AI and industry, which uses large language models to deeply explore the intrinsic connection between patent data and AI technology. Combined with the BGE (BAAI general embedding) model and the UMAP (unified manifold approximation and projection) algorithm, a problem space and a solution space of patents are formed. Based on the density peak clustering algorithm and the information entropy theory, an index quantification method for industrial span and technological width was constructed, and a comprehensive assessment of the entire industry and individual clusters was finally achieved. The Patent-AIIIA model was applied to conduct an empirical study on multiple types of industrial clusters in the advanced equipment manufacturing industry in a certain region. The indicators of industrial span and technological width, the distribution of AI technology industrial clusters, and enterprise technological benchmarking were analyzed, and the practicability of the relevant models was verified. Based on the assessment results, suggestions such as implementing targeted industrial incentive policies, optimizing the AI technology layout of industrial clusters, and building a collaborative innovation network with leading enterprises as the core were put forward. The Patent-AIIIA model can be regarded as a general analytical model with macro- and micro-characteristics. It has the application potential to expand into multiple fields and can provide data support and scientific basis for enterprise strategy planning and industrial policy formulation.

Accelerating the cultivation and development of new-quality productivity is a major task and requires systematic engineering, and the development of new-quality productivity is highly dependent on chemicals. New-quality productivity should be green productivity; therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to emerging contaminants generated from the use of chemicals. Emerging contaminants have a wide range of sources and hidden environmental risks, posing a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct research on the current situation, challenges, and governance strategies of emerging industries involving emerging contaminants. This study reviews the current situation and challenges of emerging contaminant control in the context of new-quality productivity, proposes a framework for emerging contaminant control, and offers governance suggestions from two aspects: priority issues and supporting measures. The research results indicate that multiple challenges exist in the control of emerging contaminants, including high dependence on chemicals, new pollutions, prominent waste-disposal issues, international trade barriers, and difficulties in substitution of high-risk chemicals. The priority issues for emerging contaminant control include strengthening investigation and supervision, promoting risk assessment, achieving breakthroughs in alternative technologies, and improving end-of-pipe treatment. Meanwhile, supporting measures should be deployed in strengthening scientific and technological innovation, formulating normative guidelines, and increasing regulatory efforts.

With the progressive depletion of fossil fuel resources and intensifying global environmental challenges, microbial energy has emerged as a sustainable and clean energy substitute, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding national energy security and advancing the green transformation of the socio-economic landscape. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status, technological breakthroughs, and challenges of China's microbial energy industry, highlighting its potential to optimize energy structures and promote sustainable development. While China has achieved milestones in microbial fuel cell, lipid production, and ethanol technologies, critical challenges remain, including feedstock diversification, core technological bottlenecks, and energy conversion efficiency. To achieve high-quality development of the industry, China must prioritize policy-guided initiatives, accelerate research and development of key technologies, and establish efficient industrial eco-clusters. Specifically, high-quality development should focus on: (1) technological innovation, such as metabolic pathway optimization and electrochemical coupling; (2) industrial scalability, including cost reduction and supply chain optimization; and (3) policy support, encompassing legal frameworks and financial incentives. Through these efforts, microbial energy is expected to become a vital component of China's new energy system, supporting the national goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality while contributing to global energy sustainability.

As global construction solid wastes surged and to achieve the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, the application of fully recycled coarse aggregate concrete (FRCAC, 100% replacement rate) in structural engineering has emerged as a breakthrough solution to addressing resource-environmental constraints and reshaping low-carbon structural systems. However, current codes and standards lack long-term empirical data under actual service conditions, constraining technological updates and large-scale application. This study aims to break technological bottlenecks, drive code upgrades, and promote low-carbon application. It explores the service performance of FRCAC structures using a 30-m-span simply supported beam as the engineering prototype. Under self-weight loading, the maximum compressive stress at the edge of the compression zone of FRCAC is approximately 50% of its axial compressive strength, simulating the stress state under actual loading conditions, thus enabling quantitative analysis of performance evolution mechanisms and low-carbon benefits under long-term coupled effects of mechanical loading and environmental exposure. Through designing comparative beams with equivalent reinforcement and water-to-binder ratios between FRCAC and conventional concrete, we established a comprehensive framework covering material preparation, component behaviors, and carbon benefit quantification. We tracked deformations, crack patterns, and carbonation depth evolution over 4-year service periods, and quantified carbon absorption effects using life cycle assessment models. Results demonstrate that although FRCAC exhibits 7.8%~14% reduced elastic modulus under the same-condition curing, pre-cambering completely compensates deformation discrepancies, satisfying structural requirements. While bending cracks increased by 8% and the crack length increased by 15%, the average width remained comparable to conventional concrete. Considering service-period carbon absorption, FRCAC beams achieved 7.69% reduction in net carbon emissions. This study pioneers engineering prototype validation of FRCAC's feasibility under actual load-environment coupling conditions. The findings are expected to advance the transformation of construction wastes from extensive landfilling to high-value utilization, providing a forward-looking solution for low-carbon structural engineering.

In recent years, global marine plastic waste pollution has become increasingly severe, posing a serious threat to marine ecosystems and human health, and it has become one of the urgent environmental issues of great concern. In China, a large coastal country, the prevention and management of marine plastic waste pollution is crucial for ensuring national marine ecological security. This study sorts out the main sources of marine plastic wastes in China, the migration characteristics of these wastes into the sea, and the current status of pollution prevention and control. It analyzes the major problems regarding environmental leakage, plastic outflow accounting, and key driving factor identification in the production, discharge, disposal, and recycling of plastics. Moreover, the study identifies the deficiencies in the monitoring, identification, interception, and disposal modes of marine plastic wastes in China, as well as the major challenges faced in the land‒sea integrated management, and further explores new types of marine plastic waste management modes, including plastic waste reduction at source, biodegradable product substitution, synergistic participation of multiple subjects of liability, and empowerment by artificial intelligence. Furthermore, the study suggests clarifying the key nodes for marine plastic waste governance, developing core technologies of intelligent regulation and resource utilization, and establishing a cross-sectoral collaborative management mechanism, thus to strengthen China's land‒sea integrated governance capacity in marine plastic waste pollution control, with a view to promoting the sustainable development of the marine environment and assisting in the construction of China's marine ecological civilization.

In recent years, China has demonstrated significant green development, with remarkable achievements in air pollution control evidenced by the sustained decline in annual average fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentration and continuous reduction of heavy pollution days. However, the structural and essential stress on air quality improvement remains prominent, as manifested by the increasing proportion of secondary components in PM_2.5 and the high-level fluctuations of ozone concentration, indicating that severe challenges remain in atmospheric environment governance in China and highlighting the urgent need to address multiple pressures, including multi-objective synergy, multi-pollutant collaborative control, and compliance with international environmental conventions. This study analyzes the current status of atmospheric environment governance in China, identifying prominent challenges including insufficient theoretical innovation in systematic atmospheric environment governance, urgent needs to harness the potential of synergistic effects from carbon-pollution co-governance, and the requirement for formulating multi-scale-integrated air-quality management strategies. Furthermore, it elucidates the intrinsic relationships among atmospheric environmental issues, particularly the interactions between regional and global atmospheric problems as well as the cross-sphere mechanisms of multi-pollutant, multi-media processes. A critical framework of systematic atmospheric environment governance is proposed, comprising fundamental theories and applications of atmospheric oxidation capacity, along with innovative technological chains of systematic environmental management. Strategic recommendations are outlined, including implementing top-level design for systematic governance, initiating scientific innovation programs for holistic pollution control, establishing coordinated management mechanisms, and deploying action plans. These measures aim to advance systematic air-quality management in China and enhance health risk prevention and ecological risk control capabilities in atmospheric environment governance.

As the manufacturing industry integrates deeply with the next-generation information technology and accelerates its transformation to intelligence, it is necessary to break the technical bottlenecks regarding industrial software development and high-end equipment manufacturing and establish an independent and controllable industrial Internet technology system to support the optimization of the entire process of intelligent manufacturing. This study analyzes the current status of intelligent manufacturing and industrial Internet, and presents an overall picture of the independent and controllable industrial Internet technology system for intelligent manufacturing from three aspects: industrial Internet technologies, intelligent manufacturing technologies based on industrial Internet, and independent and controllable software and hardware systems for industrial Internet. Moreover, this study summarizes the demonstrative applications of independent and controllable industrial Internet technologies for intelligent manufacturing, covering independent robotized intelligent manufacturing, industrial detection and perception based on independent and controllable industrial Internet, networked multi-robot collaboration for intelligent manufacturing, and multi-robot collaborative scheduling for intelligent manufacturing. The current challenges and technical directions of independent and controllable industrial Internet for intelligent manufacturing are also identified. Furthermore, it is proposed to actively apply technologies including the fifth-generation mobile communications, independent and controllable industrial software, cloud-edge-end collaboration of industrial Internet, robots equipped with domestic distributed operating systems, and independent and controllable multi-robot collaborative manufacturing. Meanwhile, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of an independent and controllable standards system to drive the integrated development of the industrial Internet and intelligent manufacturing, creating new paths for the upgrading and high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry.