Gold is a scarce type of global strategic resources. The gold industry needs to follow the trend of green, low-carbon, and intelligent development, and promote its high-quality development through green metallurgy. The development of green metallurgical technologies and the innovation in cyanide tailing treatment technologies are closely related and complementary, together constituting the core content for the green transformation of the gold industry. From the perspectives of resource constraints, environmental challenges, and scientific and technological application, this study analyzes the demand and industry overview of China's gold industry, sorts out the research and application progress of green technologies regarding gold metallurgy from both international and domestic perspectives, and further discusses the current status and technical application of cyanide tailing treatment in the gold industry. Considering the current status of the gold industry, the study identifies the development potentials of green gold metallurgy. Specifically, non-ferrous-associated gold smelting and secondary resource recycling are two important directions to break the limitations of traditional gold resources; high-end new materials are key for industrial upgrading under the manifestation of gold's scientific and technological attributes; intelligent transformation is a strategic path for the production mode innovation and efficiency improvement of the gold industry; and industrial integration and clustering is the preferred solution for ecological reconstruction and collaborative innovation of the industry. Furthermore, it is recommended to enhance the safe utilization and ecological consumption of gold cyanide tailings, strengthen the development of gold's scientific and technological attributes and high-end utilization, and promote the integrated development of non-ferrous metals and the gold industry, thereby ensuring the sustainable development of China's gold industry.

Engineering sediment design is a common technical challenge faced by the water conservancy hubs in sediment-laden rivers worldwide. As a typical reservoir in the sediment-laden river, the Guxian Water Conservancy Project is a milestone project in improving the Yellow River water and sediment regulation system and implementing the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Proper handling of engineering sediment issues is crucial for the project development. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the design and regulation experiences from existing water conservancy projects in sediment-laden rivers such as Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi Reservoir, this study focuses on the characteristics and changing trend of the incoming water and sediment of the Guxian Water Conservancy. In response to the design requirements in engineering sediment design, including the coupling design of long-term water and sediment series, active control of sedimentation morphology, and dynamic resilience maintenance of effective reservoir capacities, dynamic regulation is used as the guide of engineering sediment design. And several key technologies are developed, including the design of sediment-discharge bottom holes with ultra-deep and ultra-large discharge capacities, design of dynamic sediment erosion base level and capacity, coupling design between three sediment deposition patterns and dynamic storage capacity, and operation mode of storing clean water and regulating muddy flow. A water-sediment co-treatment technology system for sediment-laden rivers that features morphology control, process regulation, and dynamic response is formed. Moreover, the adaptability of Guxian Water Conservancy is improved to the extreme incoming water and sediment combinations, which is of great significance for enhancing the water-sediment regulation and water resource storage capacities of the Yellow River, and achieving the long-term stability in the lower reach of the Yellow River. Meanwhile, it provides a new technological paradigm for the treatment of engineering sediment problems in reservoirs of sediment-laden river.

Special unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are UAVs designed, modified, or equipped with special equipment to satisfy special task requirements in fields such as military defense, emergency rescue, and special industries. They have high maneuverability, strong adaptability, and integrated mission capabilities, and play a key role in national construction and national defense security. This study analyzes the current research status and trends of special UAVs in China and abroad from two aspects: traditional and innovative configurations. Subsequently, it identifies the requirements for typical task capabilities and challenges faced by special UAVs in fields of military defense, emergency rescue, and special industries. On this basis, it outlines a special UAV technology system that comprises special platforms, intelligent control, and support systems, and elaborates on the key technologies involved in these three parts. Furthermore, the study proposes suggestions for the development of special UAV technologies and equipment in China from the aspects of overall planning and future research directions. This aims to promote the deep integration of special UAVs in the modernization of national defense and the high-quality economic and social development.

Solar-powered aircraft has the advantages of prolonged high-altitude flight, operational flexibility, and zero carbon emissions, making it one of the emerging fields that the global aerospace industry prioritizes. This study investigates the current development status of solar-powered aircraft in China and abroad and summarizes the development trends of its key technologies, including advanced aerodynamic design, efficient and low-cost solar cells, high-energy-density batteries, and efficient and wide-operating-condition propulsion. Based on the energy balance and mass balance principles, this study establishes an overall performance simulation model for solar-powered aircraft, predicting the development trends of its mass, sustainable flight altitude, and load capacity. The primary development direction of solar-powered aircraft is long-endurance, high-altitude, solar-powered unmanned air vehicles, which has important application prospects in the fields of military reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, and communication relay. Based on the predictive results and key technology research, this study proposes the short-, medium-, and long-term development goals and key tasks of solar-powered aircraft. Furthermore, it proposes strategies and policy recommendations to promote the sustainable development of solar-powered aircraft from three different levels: overall idea, technological breakthroughs, and system construction.

As the global financial landscape undergoes profound transformation, the blockchain technology has emerged as a cornerstone of Web 3.0 finance and a pivotal frontier in financial technology innovation. However, its decentralized and pseudonymous nature has also been exploited by malicious actors to circumvent regulatory oversight, facilitate money laundering, and conduct other illicit financial activities, posing substantial risks to both national and global financial security. Consequently, there is an urgent need to systematically assess the current progress in anti-money laundering (AML) research, anticipate future directions in blockchain-based AML technologies, and develop effective countermeasures to mitigate the evolving financial security challenges associated with blockchain applications. This study provides a comprehensive review of AML research in blockchain systems, examining the foundational AML frameworks, including traditional AML models and blockchain-based money laundering methodologies. It categorizes existing AML techniques into three primary approaches: rule-based methods, such as transaction parameter threshold setting, address-entity association analysis, and cross-chain association analysis; machine learning-based approaches, including support vector machines, logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, k-means clustering, and combining off-chain information; and deep learning-based methodologies, encompassing convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, graph neural networks, and transformer-based models. Furthermore, this study discusses the practical applications of these techniques and reviews commonly used datasets that support AML research. Looking ahead, the advancement of AML technologies in blockchain systems necessitates progress in several critical areas: the construction of AML datasets capable of addressing data imbalance and annotation uncertainty, development of trusted AML algorithms, design of detection mechanisms for covert financial activities, and formulation of privacy-preserving yet regulation-compliant AML solutions. Strengthening these capabilities will enhance the effectiveness of AML frameworks within blockchain ecosystems and contribute to the secure and sustainable development of the digital economy.

The electric propulsion of aircraft has triggered a new wave of innovation and reform in the aviation sector. It is considered as an important move to implementing green development in aviation and addressing global environmental challenges. This study examines the research progress of the electric propulsion technology in aviation and reveals the technology gap between China and other countries, clarifying the technology challenges for developing electric aircraft in China. Four key technologies regarding electric propulsion in aviation are identified: long-life and high-energy-density batteries, electric propulsion with high efficiency and a high power-to-weight ratio, integrated management of energy, and aerodynamic configuration with a high lift-to-drag ratio. The industry characteristics and research status of the above technologies are investigated, and their future directions as well as the fundamental technical problems are clarified. Based on a performance evaluation model for electric aircraft, the influence of key technical parameters on the performance of electric aircraft are analyzed; these parameters include energy density of batteries, power-to-weight ratio and efficiency of motors, and lift-to-drag ratio of aircraft. Besides, the practicability of applying full electric propulsion on aircraft for urban air transport, commuter transport, and regional use are evaluated. By cconsidering the current status and future development of key components such as high-energy-density storage batteries and high-performance propulsion systems, China should leverage its technological accumulation in the renewable energy industry and its advanced industrial foundation to establish a strategic plan for the development of electric aircraft oriented at urban air transport, commuter transport, and regional use, gradually extending the application of electric propulsion in civil aviation.

Advancing the deep-sea floating wind power technology is an effective pathway to reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in offshore wind power development, driving structural reforms in the energy system, and achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization vision. Therefore, achieving breakthroughs in core technologies regarding deep-sea floating wind power and accelerating the construction of cost-effective offshore wind power systems have become major tasks in China's energy and electricity fields. This study reviews the development status of deep-sea floating wind power in China and abroad, analyzes the challenges faced by China's deep-sea wind power industry, and explores the key elements for technological breakthroughs in deep-sea floating wind power, involving key scientific issues, core technologies, and basic software capabilities (e.g., integrated coupling design and analysis and real-time digital twin systems). Specifically, the key scientific issues include evolution of aerodynamic loads on wind turbines, motion suppression for semi-submersible foundations, resonance of tension-leg-platform-type foundations, and testing across physical fields. The core technologies include aerodynamic modeling of wind turbines, integrated coupling analysis, structural fatigue analysis, mooring and dynamic cable analysis, load capacity analysis for mooring foundations, advanced material development and testing, large-scale customization of foundation structures, integration and offshore installation and reconnection, and intelligent operation and maintenance (O&M). Additionally, the technical development directions of deep-sea floating wind power technology are elaborated, including different types of floating foundations, overall design of floating wind turbines, independent research and development of key products, core industrial software, efficient construction and installation, and intelligent O&M. Furthermore, it is proposed to establish a technological innovation chain, form an intelligent construction and installation chain, and expand the intelligent O&M system for deep-sea wind power, providing forward thinking for the research and engineering application of the deep-sea floating wind power technology in China.

Deep-sea mining, as part of China's national science and technology strategy, is not only a critical measure to solving the supply problem of scarce mineral resources but also a significant demand for the country to ensure national resource security and expand socio-economic development space. This study summarizes the development status and trends of deep-sea mining, focusing on the efficient, green, and low-carbon development of deep-sea mineral resources. It proposes synergistic operations that integrate deep-sea mining with marine carbon sequestration, creating a dual-industry collaborative development model. From the perspectives of feasibility, synergy, and economic viability, the competitiveness of a "deep-sea mining + carbon sequestration" model is analyzed. Breakthrough directions and technology development pathways are proposed, including efficient integration of deep-sea mining and carbon sequestration systems, environmental impact monitoring, carbon footprint tracing, and collaborative operation equipment. Research findings indicate that CO₂ jets in deep-sea mining environments exhibit a collection performance comparable to water jets, along with better environmental friendliness and lower risks of carbon sequestration leakage. Deep-sea mining and marine carbon sequestration show high complementarity in terms of operational equipment and space, with no interference in their operational cycles. This industrial collaborative development model can improve the profitability of both marine carbon sequestration and deep-sea mining. To promote the synergistic development of these two industries, it is essential to accelerate breakthroughs in core deep-sea technologies and equipment, establish a complete industrial chain and clusters, and foster the comprehensive development of compound talent teams, technical equipment, and economic benefits in deep-sea mining and marine carbon sequestration.

Pathological diagnosis is the cornerstone for clinical diagnosis and treatment decision-making. The digital intelligence pathology platform built by integrating artificial intelligence, big data, and other information technologies has great application values, which will support the digitalization and intelligent upgrading of the pathology discipline and expand the Chinese solution of intelligent pathology. This study systematically clarifies the conceptual framework of digital intelligence pathology, identifies practical application requirements, and highlights critical challenges in its implementation. Building on proprietary research achievements, we propose a tripartite middleware architecture comprising data, algorithm, and service platforms. The system architecture integrates standardized data management, AI-driven analytical modules, and interoperable service interfaces to optimize pathological workflows. Key workflow improvements include standardized specimen processing, intelligent diagnostic assistance, and platform-based service integration. Furthermore, the study explores prospective application scenarios for digital intelligence pathology platforms, spanning diagnostic services, multidisciplinary consultations, medical education, scientific research, and quality control. Strategic recommendations are provided to accelerate adoption: establishing policy-guided industry standards, diversifying funding channels, strengthening professional training, advancing technological innovation, and ensuring data security with privacy protection. These measures aim to expedite the integration of digital intelligence pathology into clinical practice and support the evolution of smart healthcare.

The large-scale generation and accumulation of bulk industrial solid waste in China have significant ecological and environmental impacts. Therefore, strengthening the multi-level recycling of bulk industrial solid waste to reduce stock and minimize increment becomes crucial for ecological civilization and the construction of a Beautiful China. This study analyzes the prominent challenges faced by the comprehensive utilization of bulk industrial solid waste in China. Drawing on international advanced concepts and the current progress in circular economy research, it proposes a new concept of "Earth macro-cycle" and elaborates on its background and core elements. The study focuses on creating new paradigms in "Earth macro-cycle" research, including the reconstruction of bulk industrial solid waste through simulated natural mineralization and mine backfilling, transformation of bulk industrial solid waste into soil-like materials for ecological reuse, ecological balance and risk control of historically accumulated bulk industrial solid waste stockpiles, and intelligent decision-making and management system platform for the "Earth macro-cycle." By precisely applying the concept of "Earth macro-cycle," the study aims to build a circular green production model, establish an "Earth macro-cycle" model for hard-to-dispose industrial solid waste, and drive the creation of a circular society through systematic design. This will gradually enable the large-scale disposal and ecological return of bulk industrial solid waste.