The progress of replacing coal, oil, and other fossil energies with new energy sources is accelerating worldwide. New energy sources and associated power systems are reconfiguring the world’s development pattern. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation from traditional fossil-fuel to new-energy aero-engines, thus to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and ensure aviation energy security and sustainable development of the aviation industry. This study summarizes the development values of various new-energy aviation power, including solar, electric, hydrogen, nuclear, and ammonia energy, as well as sustainable aviation fuels. It also analyzes the trends in integration of new energies with aviation power, and explores the engineering practicability and application scenarios of transformation from new energy sources to aviation power. Moreover, the development goals and priorities are proposed: promoting the coordinated development of sustainable aviation fuels and independent aero-engine products, strengthening research on electric and hydrogen aviation power technologies, promoting the application of solar aviation power, and exploring nuclear aviation power. The following development suggestions are further proposed: (1) establishing a special project for the coordinated development of new energy and aviation technologies and industries, (2) accelerating the research and application of new-energy aero-engines, (3) strengthening financial and fiscal support for the new-energy aero-engine industry, and (4) building an international cooperation ecosystem for new-energy aero-engines. These suggestions aim to comprehensively enhance the technological innovation capability and core competitiveness of the aviation industry, support the upgrading of advanced aviation equipment, and promote the continuous optimization of the industry.
Solar-powered aircraft has the advantages of prolonged high-altitude flight, operational flexibility, and zero carbon emissions, making it one of the emerging fields that the global aerospace industry prioritizes. This study investigates the current development status of solar-powered aircraft in China and abroad and summarizes the development trends of its key technologies, including advanced aerodynamic design, efficient and low-cost solar cells, high-energy-density batteries, and efficient and wide-operating-condition propulsion. Based on the energy balance and mass balance principles, this study establishes an overall performance simulation model for solar-powered aircraft, predicting the development trends of its mass, sustainable flight altitude, and load capacity. The primary development direction of solar-powered aircraft is long-endurance, high-altitude, solar-powered unmanned air vehicles, which has important application prospects in the fields of military reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, and communication relay. Based on the predictive results and key technology research, this study proposes the short-, medium-, and long-term development goals and key tasks of solar-powered aircraft. Furthermore, it proposes strategies and policy recommendations to promote the sustainable development of solar-powered aircraft from three different levels: overall idea, technological breakthroughs, and system construction.
The electric propulsion of aircraft has triggered a new wave of innovation and reform in the aviation sector. It is considered as an important move to implementing green development in aviation and addressing global environmental challenges. This study examines the research progress of the electric propulsion technology in aviation and reveals the technology gap between China and other countries, clarifying the technology challenges for developing electric aircraft in China. Four key technologies regarding electric propulsion in aviation are identified: long-life and high-energy-density batteries, electric propulsion with high efficiency and a high power-to-weight ratio, integrated management of energy, and aerodynamic configuration with a high lift-to-drag ratio. The industry characteristics and research status of the above technologies are investigated, and their future directions as well as the fundamental technical problems are clarified. Based on a performance evaluation model for electric aircraft, the influence of key technical parameters on the performance of electric aircraft are analyzed; these parameters include energy density of batteries, power-to-weight ratio and efficiency of motors, and lift-to-drag ratio of aircraft. Besides, the practicability of applying full electric propulsion on aircraft for urban air transport, commuter transport, and regional use are evaluated. By cconsidering the current status and future development of key components such as high-energy-density storage batteries and high-performance propulsion systems, China should leverage its technological accumulation in the renewable energy industry and its advanced industrial foundation to establish a strategic plan for the development of electric aircraft oriented at urban air transport, commuter transport, and regional use, gradually extending the application of electric propulsion in civil aviation.
As an ideal fuel for achieving net-zero carbon emissions and sustainable development in the aviation industry, the hydrogen fuel will bring disruptive technological changes and industrial restructuring to the industry, and developing hydrogen-based aviation power is an important measure to achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals for the aviation industry. This study first summarizes the utilization forms of hydrogen-based aviation power through literature research, and concludes that the hydrogen fuel is applicable to aviation power considering the safety of hydrogen as well as the high-altitude performance, fuel consumption rate, and pollutant emissions of hydrogen aviation powerplants. Subsequently, the current development status of hydrogen-based aviation power in major countries and aircraft/engine manufacturers worldwide is reviewed. The practical engineering values of hydrogen-based aviation power are explored from the perspectives of environmental protection, performance improvement, quick-start in high-altitude and high-cold regions, and hypersonic flight. Moreover, the study presents the technical challenges faced by hydrogen-based aviation power development in terms of integrated aircraft–engine design, onboard storage of liquid hydrogen, precise hydrogen metering and control, thermal management, and stable low-emission combustion. Finally, it proposes the development goals of hydrogen-based aviation power toward 2028, 2035, and 2050, and provides development priorities and implementation paths from four aspects: standards system, hydrogen infrastructure in airports, key application technologies, and talent cultivation. Furthermore, the following recommendations are proposed: (1) strengthening the overall coordination by establishing a hydrogen aviation development alliance; (2) establishing and improving the standards system to promote the safe and efficient development of hydrogen aviation engines; and (3) developing key technologies and accelerating the construction of hydrogen-based aviation power platforms for civil use.
The sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has three value attributes: environmental protection, energy transformation, and industrial layout optimization, and it is a key development area for aviation environmental governance internationally. China's SAF industry started relatively late, lacks independent technologies, and has an immature business model. It is currently in a critical period of transitioning from industrial demonstration to commercial application. Therefore, exploring the independent development of the SAF industry is crucial for promoting the green development of the civil aviation industry. This study identifies the various elements and their inherent connections that contribute to the development of the SAF industry and elucidates the environmental, energy, and economic values of the industry. Moreover, it sorts out the development pattern of the international SAF industry from two aspects: policy support and technological development progress, and summarizes the scale and mode, technology and cost, and policy mechanism of China's SAF industry. Furthermore, the study clarifies the development ideas and technology application plans of the industry and proposes the following development suggestions: (1) issuing industry regulatory frameworks to improve industry standards and norms, (2) increasing financial support by expanding tax incentives, and (3) strengthening technological innovation while exploring new business models. The study is expected to provide references for the implementation of the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals in China's civil aviation industry, as well as for the planning, technology research and development, and commercial application of the SAF industry, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the SAF industry.
Special unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are UAVs designed, modified, or equipped with special equipment to satisfy special task requirements in fields such as military defense, emergency rescue, and special industries. They have high maneuverability, strong adaptability, and integrated mission capabilities, and play a key role in national construction and national defense security. This study analyzes the current research status and trends of special UAVs in China and abroad from two aspects: traditional and innovative configurations. Subsequently, it identifies the requirements for typical task capabilities and challenges faced by special UAVs in fields of military defense, emergency rescue, and special industries. On this basis, it outlines a special UAV technology system that comprises special platforms, intelligent control, and support systems, and elaborates on the key technologies involved in these three parts. Furthermore, the study proposes suggestions for the development of special UAV technologies and equipment in China from the aspects of overall planning and future research directions. This aims to promote the deep integration of special UAVs in the modernization of national defense and the high-quality economic and social development.
The low-altitude economy is a new productivity booster and a strategic emerging industry with broad development prospects. Low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as superior platforms for diversified technological equipment, are poised to become the backbone of this economic sector through their high-performance and intelligent capabilities. This study correlates the modal, flight, and autonomous capabilities of low-altitude UAVs with their structural materials and flight control systems, positioning and navigation technologies, and autonomous intelligence systems. Through in-depth analysis of the current status and research trends across these three domains, the study proposes future technical directions focusing on bionic configurations, composite materials, multi-source fusion positioning, and hybrid intelligent algorithms. To advance the innovative development of low-altitude UAV technologies, the research recommends four strategic measures: (1) strengthening policy guidance and infrastructure development, (2) promoting technological innovation and optimizing industrial layout, (3) expanding application scenarios through demonstration projects, and (4) establishing comprehensive security protection systems. These initiatives aim to facilitate the high-quality development of China's UAV industry and low-altitude economy.
Typhoon is the most important disaster-causing weather system in the southeast coastal area of China during summer and autumn. Using aircraft as a mobile observation platform for direct observation of typhoons can obtain critical information about typhoons' environmental fields and their core structures, thus improving the accuracy of typhoon forecasts and warnings, as well as the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the typhoon observation practices using aircraft in China and abroad, this study proposes key considerations regarding the engineering design for aircraft-based observations of typhoons, encompassing aircraft selection, construction of support bases, airborne detection equipment, flight route planning, observation data transmission, and data application and evaluation. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed for establishing typhoon observation operations using aircraft in China: (1) building a professional typhoon observation command center, (2) promoting typhoon observation operations that combine manned aircraft with unmanned aerial vehicles, (3) conducting typhoon observation experiments with multi-platform coordination, (4) increasing stable support for aircraft-based typhoon observation projects, and (5) initiating an international major scientific program in the field of aircraft-based observations of typhoons.
The industrial chain of marine equipment is extensive and complex, playing a vital role in ensuring the security of the marine economy. In China, part of the marine equipment market and orders are based abroad, and some of the core technologies and ancillary equipment rely on imports. Once affected by the international situation, the industrial chain might be cut off. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the independent and innovative development of the marine equipment, thereby ensuring the industry chain safety and high-quality development of marine equipment. This study proposes a marine equipment industry chain map. Focusing on the marine transportation equipment and the offshore oil and gas equipment, it analyzes the development status of the marine equipment industry chain in China and abroad, clarifies the development situation and problems regarding major links of the marine equipment industry chain in China, and proposes the principles, goals, and breakthrough directions. Raw materials and the final assembly are advantageous links for China, while equipment design and ancillary equipment are weak links; In particular, China's independent support capabilities for high-tech ships and deepwater oil and gas development equipment are insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the domestic demand for marine equipment through policy support, focus on the advantageous innovation direction of high-end marine equipment, and strengthen international cooperation.
Advancing the deep-sea floating wind power technology is an effective pathway to reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in offshore wind power development, driving structural reforms in the energy system, and achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization vision. Therefore, achieving breakthroughs in core technologies regarding deep-sea floating wind power and accelerating the construction of cost-effective offshore wind power systems have become major tasks in China's energy and electricity fields. This study reviews the development status of deep-sea floating wind power in China and abroad, analyzes the challenges faced by China's deep-sea wind power industry, and explores the key elements for technological breakthroughs in deep-sea floating wind power, involving key scientific issues, core technologies, and basic software capabilities (e.g., integrated coupling design and analysis and real-time digital twin systems). Specifically, the key scientific issues include evolution of aerodynamic loads on wind turbines, motion suppression for semi-submersible foundations, resonance of tension-leg-platform-type foundations, and testing across physical fields. The core technologies include aerodynamic modeling of wind turbines, integrated coupling analysis, structural fatigue analysis, mooring and dynamic cable analysis, load capacity analysis for mooring foundations, advanced material development and testing, large-scale customization of foundation structures, integration and offshore installation and reconnection, and intelligent operation and maintenance (O&M). Additionally, the technical development directions of deep-sea floating wind power technology are elaborated, including different types of floating foundations, overall design of floating wind turbines, independent research and development of key products, core industrial software, efficient construction and installation, and intelligent O&M. Furthermore, it is proposed to establish a technological innovation chain, form an intelligent construction and installation chain, and expand the intelligent O&M system for deep-sea wind power, providing forward thinking for the research and engineering application of the deep-sea floating wind power technology in China.
As key equipment connecting offshore platforms to subsea pipelines, marine risers are a critical component of the overall system for deepwater oil and gas exploitation and are crucial for the high-quality development of the marine oil industry. In the context of attaching more attention to the development of deepwater oil and gas resources, this study reviews the research and application of marine risers in deepwater oil and gas development and looks forward to future development, which has reference values for both theoretical research and engineering practices. In this paper, the strict requirements for service performances of marine risers are analyzed in terms of fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance. A review of the current status of three typical and widely used marine risers (i.e., drilling risers, steel catenary risers, and tension-leg platform tendon risers) is provided. Meanwhile, these marine rises in China and abroad are compared, and their development directions are prospected. Overall, marine risers are a type of oil drilling equipment that have high risks, extreme difficulty, and high added values. Owing to the complex manufacturing processes and high technical contents, the core materials and technologies of marine risers have been monopolized by large companies outside China. Riser materials of China have problems including large fluctuations in strength, low fracture toughness, and insufficient fatigue resistance, failing to meet the stringent and complex marine service conditions and thus restraining the development of China's offshore oil industry. Therefore, a systematic layout is urgently needed to guide upstream and downstream enterprises to jointly carry out basic and application research on related products with universities and research institutes, so as to realize collaborative innovation across the entire industrial chain of marine riser manufacturing.
"Carbon capture ashore and storage offshore" has been one of the important application scenarios in carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) solutions in recent years. It is forward-looking and urgent to clarify the development orientation, application prospect, and implementation pathway of "carbon capture ashore and storage offshore" in China in the context of carbon neutrality. This study reviews the progress of "carbon capture ashore and storage offshore" from the perspectives of process characteristics, development potentials, international projects progress, and planning research progress in China. Based on analyses of the development prospects, this study explores the challenges and countermeasures of "carbon capture ashore and storage offshore" in China from the aspects of economic cost, leakage risk, storage efficiency, policy management, and international situation. The development of "carbon capture ashore and storage offshore" in China can be divided into three stages: project planning and research, small-scale demonstrations, large-scale commercial application, and the development timeline toward 2060 is predicted. Accordingly, it is recommended to focus on key development milestones and timely introduce supportive policies. A comprehensive regulatory system should be established to enhance risk prevention and control. Small-scale pilot projects should be initiated to prudently drive industrialization. The market's pivotal role should be leveraged, with enterprises leading commercial applications. Through scientific planning and steady advancement of "carbon capture ashore and storage offshore" initiatives, robust support can be provided for China to achieve its goal of carbon neutrality.
The ocean harbors abundant solid minerals and is the world’s largest carbon sink with vast carbon sequestration potentials. Exploring the synergistic development of deep-sea mining and carbon sequestration is of significant importance for supporting China’s green and low-carbon transformation in deep-sea mining, as well as enhancing its influence in the field of ocean development and governance. This study summarizes the development status and trends of deep-sea mining operational models, focusing on the efficient, green, and low-carbon development of deep-sea mineral resources. It proposes synergistic operations that integrate deep-sea mining with marine carbon sequestration, creating a dual-industry collaborative development model. From the perspectives of feasibility, synergy, and economic viability, the competitiveness of a "deep-sea mining + carbon sequestration" model is analyzed. Breakthrough directions and technology development pathways are proposed, including efficient integration of deep-sea mining and carbon sequestration systems, environmental impact monitoring, carbon footprint tracing, and collaborative operation equipment. Research findings indicate that CO2 jets in deep-sea mining environments exhibit a collection performance comparable to water jets, along with better environmental friendliness and lower risks of carbon sequestration leakage. Deep-sea mining and marine carbon sequestration show high complementarity in terms of operational equipment and space, with no interference in their operational cycles. This industrial collaborative development model can improve the profitability of both marine carbon sequestration and deep-sea mining. To promote the synergistic development of these two industries, it is essential to accelerate breakthroughs in core deep-sea technologies and equipment, establish a complete industrial chain and clusters, and foster the comprehensive development of compound talent teams, technical equipment, and economic benefits in deep-sea mining and marine carbon sequestration.
With the further development of deep-space, deep-sea, and deep-ground technologies, numerous technical connections are found existing between deep-sea engineering and deep-space exploration and thus it is feasible to apply deep-sea engineering technologies to deep-space exploration. By comparing the environmental characteristics of deep space and deep sea, this study reveals the similarities between deep-sea engineering and deep-space exploration in terms of pressure and temperature adaptability. Then, it explores the prospects on structural safety, complex operation technology and equipment, unmanned intelligence and miniaturization of loads, and construction of test sites. It is found that the physical characteristics of the extraterrestrial space is prominently diversified, and the environment of some hotspot planets is similar to that of the deep sea in terms of pressure and corrosion. Therefore, the structure design and anticorrosion technologies regarding deep-sea engineering can be applied to deep-space exploration. Meanwhile, the requirements for complex control and unmanned automation of deep-space exploration equipment are consistent with those of deep-sea engineering equipment; therefore, the research and development of specific equipment from these two fields are interchangeable. The submarine volcanic areas and the Antarctic subglacial lake (i.e., Lake Vostok) have obvious extraterrestrial space characteristics and can be established as test sites for deep-space exploration, which can be regarded as a research direction for deep-sea test sites and new test technologies for deep-space exploration. To sum up, technology exchange and cross-domain application between the deep-sea and deep-space technologies are highly possible, and the full application of deep-sea engineering technologies to deep-space exploration will help China’s deep-space exploration equipment develop faster.
Coal is the cornerstone of China’s energy security. There are many types and wide distributions of coal associated resources, with abundant reserves and high utilization value. Promoting the integrated green development of coal and associated resources is an inevitable requirement for improving the efficiency of resource development and utilization, accelerating the green transformation of development mode, and ensuring national resource security in the new era. This article clarifies the combination types, distribution and typical resources of coal and associated resources. The technological maturity of coal and associated resource development has been analyzed. Four typical development models of coal and associated resource technology integration, development subject integration, management integration, and industrial chain integration have been analyzed. The development benefits in terms of economy, security, and ecology have been evaluated and the key problems currently existing have been summarized. On this basis, a strategic blueprint for the integrated green development of coal and associated resources in China has been depicted, the “three-step” strategic goal has been proposed, the integrated green development technology system covering integrated digital survey and design technology, safe and efficient collaborative development technology, and intelligent green low-carbon technology has been constructed, and the strategic path framework of “four advances, one exploration” has been constructed. Finally, policy recommendations have been put forward to promote the integrated green development of coal and associated resources, including improving the mining rights management system, forming a joint exploration and mining mechanism, increasing investment in scientific and technological innovation, and establishing a coordinated exploration and development incentive mechanism.
Mine water is both a valuable water resource of strategic significance and a significant hidden disaster factor. Its scientific protection and efficient utilization are crucial for ensuring coal mine safety production, promoting green and low-carbon transformation of the coal industry, and contributing to the national carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Based on the demand for high-quality development in China's coal industry, this study focuses on the protection and utilization of coal mine water across its full life cycle. From the perspective of systems engineering, it clarifies the implications of full life-cycle management of mine water, namely, the comprehensive management model of "source reduction, process detoxification, end-stage resource recovery, and terminal reinjection," coordinating the entire process of mine water generation, migration, utilization, and recycling. By analyzing the current development status of protection and utilization technologies for mine water in China's coal mines across the four key stages, this study identifies key challenges such as lack of technological innovation, incomplete market mechanisms, and deficiency of well-established policy frameworks and technical standards. On this basis, a strategic framework for mine water resource protection and utilization is established, guided by resource, industrial, and ecological strategies. It proposes a governance approach of source control for efficiency enhancement, treatment processes for quality improvement, comprehensive reuse for value increment, and terminal disposal for environmental capacity expansion. Additionally, five major engineering systems are systematically deployed: core technology breakthroughs, full-chain demonstrations, market-oriented production‒use synergy, ecological safety support, and intelligent management platform development. This forms a coordinated promotion pattern driven by technological innovation, supported by engineering construction, secured by market operations, safeguarded by ecological safety, and empowered by smart management. Furthermore, development suggestions are proposed, including constructing a modern governance system, achieving breakthroughs in core technologies, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, improving standard evaluation systems, and strengthening collaborative governance mechanisms. These suggestions provide a systematic solution to support the coal industry's green transition and facilitate the transformation of mine water management from "wastewater management" to "strategic water resource utilization."
Gold is a scarce type of global strategic resources. The gold industry needs to follow the trend of green, low-carbon, and intelligent development, and promote its high-quality development through green metallurgy. The development of green metallurgical technologies and the innovation in cyanide tailing treatment technologies are closely related and complementary, together constituting the core content for the green transformation of the gold industry. From the perspectives of resource constraints, environmental challenges, and scientific and technological application, this study analyzes the demand and industry overview of China's gold industry, sorts out the research and application progress of green technologies regarding gold metallurgy from both international and domestic perspectives, and further discusses the current status and technical application of cyanide tailing treatment in the gold industry. Considering the current status of the gold industry, the study identifies the development potentials of green gold metallurgy. Specifically, non-ferrous-associated gold smelting and secondary resource recycling are two important directions to break the limitations of traditional gold resources; high-end new materials are key for industrial upgrading under the manifestation of gold's scientific and technological attributes; intelligent transformation is a strategic path for the production mode innovation and efficiency improvement of the gold industry; and industrial integration and clustering is the preferred solution for ecological reconstruction and collaborative innovation of the industry. Furthermore, it is recommended to enhance the safe utilization and ecological consumption of gold cyanide tailings, strengthen the development of gold's scientific and technological attributes and high-end utilization, and promote the integrated development of non-ferrous metals and the gold industry, thereby ensuring the sustainable development of China's gold industry.
Digital transformation will promote the development of new-quality productivity in manufacturing enterprises. The aerospace industry, as an important representative of high-end manufacturing, plays an irreplaceable role in the development of new-quality productivity. In the context of increasingly complex projects and rapid iteration of new technologies, the development model of the aerospace industry is facing significant challenges and urgently requires digital transformation to promote high-quality development of the industry. This study proposes the concept of digital transformation in the aerospace industry and identifies the challenges currently faced. It elaborates on the basic ideas of digital transformation in the aerospace industry and demonstrates the development goals for each stage toward 2040. Moreover, a development path for the digital transformation of the aerospace industry is proposed, including the construction of a research and innovation system for digital intelligence collaboration, a new model for intelligent production of aerospace products, a digital supply chain system based on industrial interconnection, new infrastructure and network security, and a basic guarantee system. Suggestions are further proposed to construct an integrated network within the aerospace industry, conduct research and application pilot on artificial intelligence big model technologies in the aerospace industry, establish a pilot zone for aerospace data circulation and trading, build a safe and controllable ecosystem for independent industrial software, and cultivate a digital talent team for the aerospace industry, thereby constructing a new development model and promoting the high-quality development of the aerospace industry.
In the context of carbon neutrality, hydrogen energy has become a cornerstone of the clean energy transition actively promoted by governments worldwide. Analyzing the industrial deployment and supply chain dynamics of the hydrogen energy sector holds substantial values for advancing its industrialization, commercialization, and innovation in China. Drawing on supply chain research methodologies, this study systematically deconstructs the phased development and evolving trends of the global hydrogen energy industry. By identifying key breakthroughs across the upstream, midstream, and downstream segments of the hydrogen supply chain, the study comprehensively analyzes the current structure and operational landscape of the hydrogen supply chain while proposing targeted optimization strategies and policy recommendations. The findings indicate that the development trajectory of the hydrogen energy supply chain follows a progressive pattern of "development→optimization→expansion," with its evolution driven by a sequential pathway of "technological integration→infrastructure development→market expansion." To accelerate China's hydrogen energy transition, this study recommends establishing a Yangtze River Hydrogen Energy Corridor infrastructure system centered on production, storage, and transportation; developing national hydrogen energy hubs that encompass production, transportation, distribution, and supply; optimizing the hydrogen supply chain and fostering industrial innovation; strengthening technological advancements in green hydrogen production; and actively participating in global hydrogen energy innovation.
As a class of artificially structured material that exhibits extraordinary properties not available or not easily obtainable in nature, metamaterials provide transformative technologies for many application fields. Now the implementation of new principles and functions regarding metamaterials has entered an explosive period, and the industrial chain has entered a nascent stage; meanwhile, large-scale engineering of metamaterials has entered a bottleneck period. This study summarizes the conceptual evolution process of metamaterials, outlines the research progress and development trends of metamaterials from both international and domestic perspectives, and analyzes the industrialization progress of metamaterials from three aspects: industrialization direction, industrial chain pattern, and industrial development strategy. The challenges of the metamaterial industry, involving preparation technology, testing and characterization technology, engineering technology, industrial chain, and research and development personnel, are highlighted. The new development opportunities brought by AI to the metamaterial industry were discussed from two perspectives: application of artificial intelligence (AI) in metamaterial design and application of metamaterials in the evolution of AI. It is recommended to focus on key application needs for major project layout, establish a national platform for metamaterial preparation, big data, and design, form a national innovation consortium, and promote interdisciplinary talent cultivation, thereby accurately promoting the high-quality development of China's metamaterial industry in the medium and long term.
Electronic materials are key functional materials used in the manufacture of electronic devices, integrated circuits, optoelectronic devices, and other electronic systems. They are widely applied in fields such as semiconductors, displays, communications, and energy storage and conversion, and have become a critical support for the development of frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), advanced sensing, and quantum computing. The innovative development of key electronic material technologies directly influences the technological progress and market competitiveness of the electronic industry chain, and in the context of increasingly fierce international technological competition, it has become a core element in supporting the development of a country's strategic emerging industries. This study comprehensively reviews the global progress in the application of key electronic materials, covering industries such as integrated circuits, display technology, photovoltaic energy, high-end capacitors/resistors, and communications technology. Specifically, it reviews semiconductor silicon materials, electronic specialty gases, photoresists, wet electronic chemicals, chemical mechanical polishing materials, and third-generation semiconductor materials from the integrated circuit industry; liquid crystal display materials, organic light-emitting diode materials, laser display materials, micro-light-emitting diode materials, and sub-millimeter light-emitting diode materials from the display industry; crystalline silicon solar cell materials, perovskite solar cell materials, and organic solar cell materials from the photovoltaic industry; dielectric ceramic materials, polymer film materials, aluminum foil materials, conductive polymer materials, and electrode pastes from the high-end capacitors/resistor industry; and optical fiber materials and piezoelectric crystal materials from the communications industry. The study suggests that the rapid development of emerging technologies such as smart mobile devices, smart wearables, and the IoT has put forward higher requirements for the performance, reliability, and precision of electronic materials. Compared with international leading levels, China's high-end electronic materials still have a gap, manifested in insufficient autonomy in high-end material technologies, weak international influences, and limited participation in standards setting. Future efforts should be focused on the high-end, green, independent, and intelligent development of the electronic information industry, with a particular emphasis on breakthroughs in high-end electronic materials for integrated circuits, new displays, high-end capacitors/resistors, and the future communications industry. This will gradually achieve domestic substitution and promote the high-quality development of key electronic material technologies and industries in China.
In the context of global carbon neutrality and energy structure transformation, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, as a core infrastructure of a new power system, is experiencing rapid large-scale development. However, fire and explosion risks have emerged as a critical bottleneck, hindering the safe and sustainable development of the energy storage industry. In recent years, frequent safety accidents involving lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, both in China and abroad, have highlighted systemic challenges such as complex mechanisms of thermal runaway, lagging safety prevention and control technologies, and insufficient lifecycle management. This study adopts a "mechanism-assessment-prevention and control" research framework to systematically analyze the causes and evolution mechanisms of fire and explosion accidents regarding lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. It identifies the hierarchical risk characteristics, described as “single cell failure to system-wide failure propagation.” Following a strategy of “battery safety-early warning-hierarchical protection,” the study reviews the current research status of safety prevention and control technologies. Furthermore, it reveals key challenges in the safety prevention and control technologies for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, including the coexistence of individual technological breakthroughs and systemic defects, imbalance between cost and benefit, emergence of risks in new scenarios, and difficulties in lifecycle safety management. To enhance the safety resilience of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems and support the high-quality development of new energy systems, this study recommends focusing on fundamental research on lithium-ion battery safety, deepening system integration and engineering safety design, strengthening lifecycle safety management, optimizing standards systems and regulatory mechanisms, improving emergency response and insurance systems, and promoting industry chain collaboration and interdisciplinary integration.
As the global financial landscape undergoes profound transformation, the blockchain technology has emerged as a cornerstone of Web 3.0 finance and a pivotal frontier in financial technology innovation. However, its decentralized and pseudonymous nature has also been exploited by malicious actors to circumvent regulatory oversight, facilitate money laundering, and conduct other illicit financial activities, posing substantial risks to both national and global financial security. Consequently, there is an urgent need to systematically assess the current progress in anti-money laundering (AML) research, anticipate future directions in blockchain-based AML technologies, and develop effective countermeasures to mitigate the evolving financial security challenges associated with blockchain applications. This study provides a comprehensive review of AML research in blockchain systems, examining the foundational AML frameworks, including traditional AML models and blockchain-based money laundering methodologies. It categorizes existing AML techniques into three primary approaches: rule-based methods, such as transaction parameter threshold setting, address-entity association analysis, and cross-chain association analysis; machine learning-based approaches, including support vector machines, logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, k-means clustering, and combining off-chain information; and deep learning-based methodologies, encompassing convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, graph neural networks, and transformer-based models. Furthermore, this study discusses the practical applications of these techniques and reviews commonly used datasets that support AML research. Looking ahead, the advancement of AML technologies in blockchain systems necessitates progress in several critical areas: the construction of AML datasets capable of addressing data imbalance and annotation uncertainty, development of trusted AML algorithms, design of detection mechanisms for covert financial activities, and formulation of privacy-preserving yet regulation-compliant AML solutions. Strengthening these capabilities will enhance the effectiveness of AML frameworks within blockchain ecosystems and contribute to the secure and sustainable development of the digital economy.
Pathological diagnosis is the cornerstone for clinical diagnosis and treatment decision-making. The digital intelligence pathology platform built by integrating artificial intelligence, big data, and other information technologies has great application values, which will support the digitalization and intelligent upgrading of the pathology discipline and expand the Chinese solution of intelligent pathology. This study systematically clarifies the conceptual framework of digital intelligence pathology, identifies practical application requirements, and highlights critical challenges in its implementation. Building on proprietary research achievements, we propose a tripartite middleware architecture comprising data, algorithm, and service platforms. The system architecture integrates standardized data management, AI-driven analytical modules, and interoperable service interfaces to optimize pathological workflows. Key workflow improvements include standardized specimen processing, intelligent diagnostic assistance, and platform-based service integration. Furthermore, the study explores prospective application scenarios for digital intelligence pathology platforms, spanning diagnostic services, multidisciplinary consultations, medical education, scientific research, and quality control. Strategic recommendations are provided to accelerate adoption: establishing policy-guided industry standards, diversifying funding channels, strengthening professional training, advancing technological innovation, and ensuring data security with privacy protection. These measures aim to expedite the integration of digital intelligence pathology into clinical practice and support the evolution of smart healthcare.
This Issue
Apr 2025, Volume 27 Issue 2
On the cover