The data and computing convergent network (DCCN) is an intelligent communication network infrastructure tailored for data space applications. It promotes data space construction, data elements circulation, and integration of computing power and data. It also provides technical support for economic growth related to data rights, data circulation, and data transactions. This study defines the DCCN, outlines the key functions of its data plane, control plane, and orchestration layer, reviews the macro development requirements of the DCCN, and discusses the current development status and international trends of DCCN technologies. It further studies key DCCN components and technologies, including end sides, internal networking of data centers, data center exits, communication among data centers, networking among computing centers, networking between data and computing centers, control layers, orchestration layers, and security systems. Moreover, the study introduces application scenarios and cases of DCCNs, including east‒west data-center interconnections, computing power networks in urban areas, industrial extranet interconnections, energy facility interconnections, and industry-scale large models. Research also covers the challenges of developing DCCNs, based on which, we propose the following suggestions for developing the DCCN: (1) establishing public specialized networks that support the high-quality development of industry-scale large models; (2) promoting the construction of DCCN-based scientific facilities, serving national scientific development; (3) using the DCCN to promote applications in data spaces; (4) carrying out large-scale collaboration among computing facilities to overcome the bottleneck of insufficient computing capability at a single point. The suggestions aim to provide references for the development of DCCN infrastructures.
Under the impetus of the paradigm shift driven by the global digital ecosystem, cybersecurity has become a critical issue of ever-increasing importance. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the current state and future trends of cybersecurity strategies and methods, offering a comprehensive assessment of the changes in the global cybersecurity landscape. It details the development of international cybersecurity strategies, with a focus on the policies of the United States and the European Union. The study also explores mainstream cybersecurity methods such as cyber resilience, security by design, and zero trust, as well as China's original theories on endogenous safety and security and the mimic defense technology. Based on this, this study points out that the cybersecurity development in China has advantages such as a vast-market application scenario, a complete information industry chain, a systematic talent training system, and original technical theories. However, there is still room for improvement in security responsibility allocation mechanisms, legal system completeness, and security standards development. The study recommends accelerating the formulation of cybersecurity policies and regulations with Chinese characteristics, constructing a cybersecurity architecture based ons endogenous safety and security, and shifting cybersecurity responsibilities from the user side to the manufacturing side. These measures aim to provide strong support for establishing a comprehensive cybersecurity responsibility and quality control system, enhancing the overall security of digital products.
The digital economy encompasses both the industrialization of digital technologies and the digital transformation of industries. Digital industrialization serves as the foundation of the digital economy and acts as a driving force for the digital transformation of industries. This study employs problem-oriented approaches, comprehensive gap analysis, and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the tasks and approaches for the high-quality development of digital industrialization in China. The study systematically analyzes the policy guidance, technological advancement, and industrial practices of digital industrialization in major economies around the world. It examines the status, gaps, and weaknesses regarding digital industrialization in China, identifies the primary issues affecting the high-quality development of digital industrialization, and proposes key tasks and policy recommendations for promoting the high-quality development of China's digital economy. Specifically, efforts should focus on building a coordinated development system between the central and local governments, strengthening the research and development of common key technologies to promote the deep integration of technological and industrial innovations, and improving the innovation ecosystem of digital industrialization to promote the coordinated development of various innovation entities in digital industrialization. Furthermore, policy recommendations include constructing a technical framework for the value realization of digital factors, strengthening the construction of talent teams to build a highland for talent innovation in digital industrialization, and conducting deep international cooperation in digital industrialization to share the achievements of the digital age with countries along the Belt and Road.
The digital economy has become a prevailing trend in contemporary development. Establishing a national unified data-element market is crucial for advancing the digital economy and accelerating the formation of a new development pattern. This study explores the concept and implications of a unified data-element market. Considering the current status of the data-element market, this study summarizes the challenges faced in building such a market in China, including issues related to the institutional system, infrastructure, technical services, and market standards. A multi-layered data-element market structure is constructed, and a targeted framework for China's unified data-element market is proposed, along with key points for building a market ecosystem, transaction platforms, and support systems. Moreover, the study proposes a "two-stage, four-step" development path, emphasizing the high-quality supply and secure storage management of data elements during the market infrastructure construction stage, as well as the efficient trading circulation and practical application performance during the scenario-driven service stage. Furthermore, it is recommended to increase policy support, strengthen infrastructure construction, standardize data norms, break down data barriers, and foster a favorable ecosystem to expedite the establishment of a healthy, stable, and efficient data market, thereby promoting the high-quality development of the digital economy.
The concept of data as a new factor of production is a significant theoretical innovation put forward by China, based on a precise understanding and prediction of global technological development trends. With the market-oriented allocation reform of data elements as the main line, cultivating a national integrated data market to promote data utilization is the general program for the innovative development of China's data elements. It introduces the fundamental theory of a data field and examines key technologies such as cross-domain data management, data encapsulation, low-entropy data circulation, penetration security, and fusion processing technology. Moreover, the study analyzes engineering practice cases of data fields in health scenarios, proposes innovative application scenarios and engineering practice paradigms for data fields, and looks forward to the prospects in the fundamental theory, key technologies, engineering practices, and ecological construction of data fields, aiming to provide theoretical and practice guidance for data field development and support the modernization of the digital economy and social governance.
As the new round of scientific and technological revolution and the industrial transformation accelerate, data has become a new key factor of production, profoundly changing the way of production, life, and social governance. Constructing a data space to promote the safe and orderly circulation of data and the efficient realization of data values has been highly concerned by all sectors of society. This study sorts out the relevant research and practical experiences in data space in China and abroad, and proposes four types of data space from a driving factor perspective: strategy-leading, technology-driven, demand-driven, and ecological-enabling. Additionally, it summarizes four construction modes: "government-led + data infrastructure," "technology innovation + data development and utilization," "scenario-driven + industrial transformation and upgrading," and "service cooperation + digital city construction." Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: improving the policy support mechanism, strengthening key technologies, deepening the development of application systems, and launching pilot demonstration projects, thus to provide references for China to construct an internationally advanced data space with Chinese characteristics.
China is deepening its digital transformation and promoting a data-driven action plan, proposing new requirements for the construction of data infrastructure. Like conventional information infrastructure types, data infrastructure needs to possess an anti-surveying-and-mapping capability to avoid being detected in one-way and transparent manners. The anti-surveying-and-mapping capability of data infrastructure has become a fundamental requirement for data space security, directly related to the information security of a country, society, and individuals. This study outlines the basic concepts of data infrastructure surveying-and-mapping and anti-surveying-and-mapping, analyzes the development status, major characteristics, and key problems of mainstream anti-surveying-and-mapping technologies, and proposes the theory, methods, and key technologies of anti-surveying-and-mapping with endogenous security, to solve the key problem of inherent measurability of data assets under the existing network architecture. To this end, the following suggestions are proposed: strengthening research on the basic theories and key technologies regarding data space anti-surveying-and-mapping; taking anti-surveying-and-mapping capability as the basic requirement of national data infrastructure construction; and increasing support for key technology research, industry incubation, multidisciplinary integration, and industry-university-research collaboration.
In the digital era, the challenges of data sovereignty and the conflict between personal data privacy protection and efficient access are becoming more pronounced. As a critical foundational support for resolving this contradiction, the digital identity framework holds significant research values. Based on a review of the research and development trends in cross-border digital identity authentication models, this study proposes a decentralized, distributed framework for cross-border identity authentication. The framework incorporates a data classification and grading strategy, and features three core components: a blockchain-based decentralized identity management mechanism, a universal certification pool model for dynamic data attribute classification and grading, and privacy protection and access control strategies. These components are designed to overcome the trust and compliance issues inherent in traditional centralized models in cross-border scenarios. Furthermore, this study delves into the application challenges of the cross-border digital identity authentication framework, such as the efficiency and accuracy of attribute association and heterogeneous grading, and the strategic interaction of trust boundaries for attribute authorization between cross-border parties. It refines corresponding solutions from the perspectives of application encapsulation of the authentication framework through application programming interface (API) models, evaluation criteria for the authentication framework, and implementation pathways. The proposed framework not only provides practical references for cross-border digital identity authentication but also offers new technical insights and implementation pathways for establishing unified standards and security protocols for cross-border data flow.
Nowadays, the world is embarking on a process of transformation in the underlying dynamics of the digital ecosystem. With the aim of mitigating systematic cyber risks and reshaping the global competition landscape of digital industries, the developed countries are pushing the paradigm shift in the underlying dynamics of the digital ecosystems. Thorough research on this subject holds immense significance for boosting China's strength in cyber, digital, and intelligent development. Focusing on major developed countries, this study integrates literature reviews, intelligence analysis, and comparison study to investigate the essence, driving factors, primary objectives, and outlook of this shift. Drawing upon the fundamental principles of a paradigm shift, the study explores the core features of this underlying-dynamics shift, spanning aspects like mindset, methodology, practical norms, advancement strategies, security commitments, and ecological incubation models. Additionally, it delineates emerging trends, technological frameworks, and associated governance principles related to this paradigm shift. Challenges faced by developed countries' transformation strategies are discussed, along with the enabling advantages of China's endogenous security and safety (ESS) theory. The research puts forward five recommendations: (1) leveraging the first-mover advantage of the ESS theory to overcome limitations; (2) addressing pain points in critical areas of digital transformation; (3) maximizing the advantages of the large-scale domestic market by introducing more effective industrial policies to bolster novel paradigm shifts; (4) renewing the concept of personal training by cultivating responsible developers with "security-by-design" capabilities; and (5) enhancing the trustworthiness of Chinese digital products through technological innovation, thus facilitating China's Going Global initiative.
Currently, the digital power struggle centered around cross-border data flows has entered a critical phase, with the global competition landscape taking shape. China places high importance on the security governance of cross-border data flows and, after several iterations and optimizations, has developed a unique governance model that balances data security and development. This model offers a Chinese solution to the global data governance challenge. This study analyzes the multiple challenges in achieving secure and trusted cross-border data circulation, deconstructing the existing global governance competition from three perspectives: international organizations, trade agreements, and major economies. It provides a comprehensive examination of China's governance model that balances data security and development. Grounded in the overall national security concept, this model aims to "coordinate security and development", with secure and trusted data circulation as the evaluation benchmark. It reflects strong Chinese characteristics and innovative elements, supporting strategic goals such as national security, digital trade promotion, and expanding opening-up. Based on this, the study offers policy recommendations for the further enhancement of China's governance framework from a global perspective. These recommendations focus on optimizing governance principles, fostering international cooperation, prioritizing technological governance, strengthening talent development, and advancing international advocacy initiatives.
The quantum information technology represents the frontier of international scientific and technological advancements, serving as a pivotal technological variable in the era of great changes and a strategic high ground for technological, and national power, competitions among major powers. This study reviews the strategic layouts and development trends of key directions in the field of quantum information abroad, as well as the current development status in China. By integrating these insights with national strategic needs, it analyzes the advantages and challenges faced by China in further developing quantum information science and technology and its related industries. Applying the thinking methodology of science and technology system engineering, and by investigating the research and development (R&D) of industrial technology applications and integrated innovation pathways, this study proposes, with a focus on quantum information technology forms, product forms, and industrial ecosystems, to systematically layout the development of the quantum information industry with quantum computing as a key driving force; to systematically deploy the quantum information industry chain by grasping the critical nodes of autonomy and controllability; to guide the R&D directions of national significant quantum engineering projects based on application scenarios; and to cultivate quantum information science and technology talents over a decade. These suggestions aim to provide insights and references for the development of China's quantum information industry.
Artificial intelligence (AI) chips are the core hardware supporting the development of intelligent technologies and their technological advancements hold significant importance for national scientific innovation, industrial development, and economic growth. This study summarizes the global development trends of AI chips from three perspectives: cloud AI chips, edge AI chips, and neuromorphic chips. It analyzes the application demands of AI chips in China and reviews the current status and development trends of related industries and technologies from the aspects of chip design, manufacturing, and packaging and testing. Currently, AI chips manufactured in China have shortcomings in terms of performance, technologies, and supply chain, necessitating independent innovation and industrial collaboration. The development of these chips also encounters challenges such as high costs and long cycles, requiring stable financing channels and the accumulation of development experiences. Moreover, the AI chip sector in China suffers from a talent shortage, demanding improved training quality and better talent-retaining strategies. Accordingly, this study proposes development paths for China’s AI chip industry, including overcoming technical bottlenecks, accelerating industrialization, expanding internationalization, and implementing market support. Key measures include advancing technological innovation and major project development, fostering new chip architectures and open-source industry ecosystems, establishing technical standards, and promoting the integration of industry, education, and research. These efforts aim to drive the sustainable and high-quality development of China’s AI chip industry.
High-performance storage chips are the core driving force underlying the robust expansion of global artificial intelligence. They are crucial for promoting the information technology industry, improving the performance of electronic devices, driving the evolution of servers and data centers, and fostering nascent technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things, virtual reality, and augmented reality. This study explores the essence of high-performance storage chips and sorts out their development requirements and international development trend. Moreover, it summarizes the development status of high-performance storage chips in China, delves into the problems and challenges encountered, and pinpoints the transformative opportunities. Furthermore, it proposes the following policy suggestions: (1) implementing a stratified approach to solidify the foundation while revolutionizing strategies to strive for breakthroughs; (2) stressing on both traditional and novel technologies and pursuing parallel development along multiple pathways; and (3) accelerating the establishment of a novel technological framework to progressively break the market monopoly.
With the continuous breakthroughs in technologies such as artificial intelligence, advanced manufacturing, and new materials, China's humanoid robot industry is experiencing explosive growth. Technological innovation and supportive policies have fostered a diversified and competitive landscape. However, China's humanoid robot industry still faces significant challenges, including lagging core technologies, high difficulty in mass production, and obstacles to commercialization. This study explores the major subfields and technological frontiers of humanoid robotics, offering an in-depth analysis of global trends in policies, technologies, and industrial development. It examines the current state of humanoid robotics in China and identifies key opportunities and challenges. Furthermore, the study proposes strategic recommendations to address these challenges, focusing on technological innovation, pilot demonstration, improvement in laws and regulations, and policy support. Specifically, the research recommends encouraging breakthroughs in core technologies, strengthening industrial layout, building humanoid robot infrastructure, and implementing demonstrative projects. These efforts aim to help China's humanoid robot industry overcome technical challenges, improve its industrial ecosystem, and achieve large-scale production and commercialization, thereby enhancing the global competitiveness of the industry.
Constructing a new power system is crucial for strengthening energy security and achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals in China. Improving the security resilience is the core of the safe and stable development of the system, which requires the digital technology that could play a key enabling role. This study analyzes the implications and characteristics regarding the security resilience of new power systems, and sorts out the challenges faced by the improvement in security resilience, including frequent extreme events, complex system structure, and multi-energy coordination conflicts. This study expounds on the enabling effect of the digital technology on the improvement in security resilience of new power systems, summarizes the major problems existing in the enabling process, and further proposes a key technology system for improving the security resilience of new power systems through the digital technology, involving multimodal data fusion technology based on artificial intelligence, intelligent situation awareness and early-warning technology based on cloud-edge collaboration, multi-energy collaborative optimization and control technology based on big data analysis, and post-disaster emergency decision-making technology based on digital twins. To provide theoretical support for the development of new power systems, this study proposes the following suggestions: (1) emphasizing the top-level design of major projects regarding climate resilience, (2) strengthening the research and development of key digital and power technologies, (3) building data infrastructure while improving the quality assurance mechanism, and (4) optimizing the construction of a compound talent echelon in the power industry.
The operation and maintenance of power equipment is a crucial aspect of the construction of new power systems. The artificial intelligence large language model (AI-LLM) presents significant opportunities for the digital intelligence of traditional power equipment operation and maintenance. This study aims to explore the enabling role of multimodal AI-LLM in health assessment, operational state prediction, fault diagnosis, life prediction, and maintenance strategy recommendation, among other specific scenarios of power equipment operation and maintenance. Additionally, this study analyzes the challenges faced by multimodal AI-LLM in enabling power equipment operation and maintenance, including the varying quality of multimodal data, the "black box" nature of algorithms leading to low transparency in decision-making processes, and model performance deterioration induced by environmental changes. To address these challenges, this study combines knowledge graph retrieval-augmented generation, multimodal alignment, fine-tuning and continuous learning, and other big model application optimization techniques to construct an AI-LLM power equipment maintenance system. It then sorts out the implementation process of multimodal AI-LLM in the operation and maintenance of power equipment, covering four stages: demand analysis, model training, application deployment, and operational management. Furthermore, strategies for continuously optimizing model performance are proposed, including the continuous monitoring and optimization of data quality, use of continuous learning algorithms, and establishment of a feedback loop mechanism for model performance. Finally, this study explores the future directions for multimodal AI-LLM in the field of power equipment operation and maintenance and provides a series of implementation safeguards to promote the intelligent transformation of power equipment operation and maintenance and support the construction of new power systems.
An integrated transport system comprises various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, waterways, and aviation, and improving the efficiency of this system is crucial for enhancing residents' quality of life, optimizing social resource allocation, and promoting balanced regional development. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze the factors that restrain the improvement in transport efficiency and explore pathways and strategies for efficiency improvement. This study elucidates the concept of the integrated transportation system as well as the essence of efficiency improvement, and outlines the basic requirements for enhancing the system's efficiency in the new era. Moreover, it analyzes the current status of efficiency improvement of China's integrated transport system and identifies the constraining factors in terms of layout structure, utilization efficiency, durability and reliability, management effectiveness, and investment debt pressure. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed to promote China's integrated transport system to a new stage of development: (1) optimizing the layout and structure of the integrated transportation infrastructure, (2) promoting the integration of infrastructure, energy, information, and service networks, (3) enhancing the durability and reliability of existing transportation infrastructure, (4) improving the organizational efficiency and management performance of the integrated transport system, and (5) optimizing future investments in the construction of the integrated transport system.
Considering the rapid development of information and communication technologies as well as the transformation of the energy industry, it is necessary to integrate the transportation infrastructure with the transport service, information, and energy sectors, thereby enhancing the service capabilities of the transportation system and promoting technological innovation and high-quality development of the comprehensive transportation infrastructure. Focusing on boosting China's strength in transportation, this study clarifies the definition and characteristics of four-network integration (i.e., integration of the transportation infrastructure, transport service, information, and energy networks), and reviews the practical basis for improving the efficiency of the highway infrastructure from energy, information, service and other aspects. Moreover, it analyzes the development status and existing problems regarding four-network integration in the highway infrastructure field of China, and proposes the general idea, goals, system framework, and development modes of four-network integration in the field. Key tasks include building a new infrastructure system based on four-network integration, establishing a stable and reliable energy supply system for the highway infrastructure, upgrading the information service system, and building a multi-industry integrated service system for four-network integration. Furthermore, the study suggests the establishment of a management mechanism in line with the characteristics of four-network integration, a guidance mechanism in line with the application characteristics of new technologies, a sound standards and specification system for four-network integration, and an implementation monitoring, evaluation, and cooperation mechanism.
The comprehensive transport infrastructure is an important component of the comprehensive transport system and is vital for economic and social development. This study reviews the current situation and problems of comprehensive transport development in China, quantifies the supply-demand adaptability of railways, highways, water transport, and civil aviation by using the utilization index, and proposes the development direction, construction focus, and policy suggestions for the transport infrastructure. The research indicates that China's transport infrastructure can basically adapt to economic and social development, but still cannot "fully adapt to people's growing needs for a better life", a target proposed in the Planning Outline for a Comprehensive National Transport Network. Among the different modes of transport, civil aviation, intercity railways, and common national highways are the ones with insufficient adaptability. Combined with the adaptability analysis of the infrastructure, this study clarifies the ideas and focuses of transport infrastructure construction and proposes to optimize the demand assessment, project decision, and integrated planning and construction mechanisms of the comprehensive transport infrastructure.
Transport infrastructures, including railways, highways, waterways, and civil aviation systems, rely heavily on reinforced concrete as their primary structural material. Ensuring the durability of concrete structures is critical for maintaining transport safety, improving transportation efficiency, and extending service life. This study investigates the service status of transport infrastructure concrete structures and identifies key durability issues and challenges related to design theories, construction technologies, and operational systems. Advanced monitoring technologies for surface microcracks, ion permeation, internal damage, and reinforcement corrosion are reviewed, alongside precise maintenance technologies for concrete structures. Based on these findings, recommendations for enhancing the durability of these concrete structures are proposed, emphasizing the need for comprehensive top-level design, technological innovation, and the establishment of standards systems. These measures aim to ensure the long-term safety and reliability of the transport infrastructure concrete structures.
Marine ports are vital for integrating land and sea and for advancing the marine economy. Accelerating the construction of world-class marine ports is a crucial avenue for enhancing ports' comprehensive service capabilities, advancing the green, smart, and safe development of ports, and achieving high-quality port development. In light of China's practical needs for constructing world-class marine ports, this study identifies the basic characteristics and development trends of ports and reviews the current status and challenges faced by China. The study focuses on assessing the development goals for the near-to-medium term, medium-to-long term, and long-term phases in China's construction of world-class marine ports, and clarifies the key tasks involved, including the establishment of intelligent sensing networks, development of digital twin ports, application of new energy sources in port operations, construction of integrated energy systems at ports, risk assessment and early warning mechanisms for ports, integration of port‒industry‒city development, optimization of the international business environment, and establishment of multimodal transport networks. The study suggests that positive actions should be taken in strengthening port scientific and technological innovation, promoting the integrated development of port energy, improving the resilience of ports, strengthening modern shipping services, improving port hub functions, and promoting regional port clustering, so as to clarify the path for China's world-class marine port construction and promote high-quality development of the port industry.
The development of equipment system is a continuous process of solving technical problems, and fault return-to-zero is a normalized work in model development. It is necessary to learn from problems and faults and clarify the general laws and methods for fault return-to-zero. This study focuses on faults and tracks the entire process from fault occurrence to fault resolution. It summarizes the common laws of and general methods for fault return-to-zero in model development from the aspects of definition and values of faults, thinking mode of fault return-to-zero, and methods for fault return-to-zero. Moreover, it explores the four values of faults, four basic concepts of system thinking, and four common methods for fault troubleshooting, and elaborates on the six key links of fault return-to-zero: fault location, fault cause and mechanism analysis, fault recurrence design, improvement measure verification, extrapolation, and extraction of guidelines and inspirations. This study aims to prevent repetitive, simple, and low-level faults that might occur during model development and use, significantly reduce high-level and complex problems caused by insufficient understanding, and achieve complete technical return-to-zero with high quality and efficiency when faults occur.
Alternative protein foods are obtained using biomanufacturing technologies such as synthetic biology and cell engineering; they are sustainable and efficient in synthesis. Promoting the engineering and industrialization of alternative proteins is crucial for developing new quality productivity and ensuring national food security in China. This study illustrates the development values of alternative protein foods from the aspects of intensified international competition, development of an all-encompassing approach to food, new quality productivity, and sustainable development. It also analyzes the development status of alternative protein foods in China and abroad from the scientific, regulatory, and industrialized perspectives. It was concluded that breakthroughs should be achieved in key technologies such as cell lines, serum-free media, dedicated bioreactors, high-efficiency screening and preparation of microbial chassis strains, and plant-based meat fabrication and flavoring. Meanwhile, it is necessary to establish food safety standards and regulatory frameworks, improve China’s independent research and production capacities of key elements, and expand sub-sectors of the industrial chain. Furthermore, targeted suggestions are proposed to accelerate the industrialization of alternative protein foods. This study is expected to provide references and inspirations for the research, practices, and supervision of alternative protein industrialization in China.
The construction of human settlements in grasslands is critical for national ecological security and the stable development of ethnic minority areas in border regions. It is necessary to build a human settlement system to address challenges regarding the balance between industry and ecology as well as the coordination between development and protection of grasslands. This study proposes the concept of a human settlement system in grasslands, supporting the study of a complex system formed by factors such as human, nature, and social economy in grassland areas. It expounds on the connotative characteristics and development status of the human settlement system in grasslands and analyzes the challenges faced in constructing the system, including reconstruction of the structural order, improvement in spatial layout, creation of appropriate design theories and methods, and establishment of an appropriate low-carbon technology system. Moreover, the study establishes a research framework covering three core aspects, namely element extraction, hierarchical association, and system adaptation, and creates an evolution theory where production, life, and ecology coordinate in the dimensions of integrality and adaptability. Additionally, it advocates a new paradigm of human settlement construction in grasslands that features integration with nature, low-intensity construction, and inheritance of tradition. Furthermore, the study suggests promoting the integrated development of ecological, production, and living spaces in grassland pastoral areas, creating architectural design theories and methods that adapt to the nature, resources, and society in grassland pastoral areas, and establishing a low-carbon pastoral area construction technology system that adapts to the harsh local climate, weak economy, and rich resources of the area, thereby promoting the high-quality development of human settlements in grasslands in the new era.
This Issue
Feb 2025, Volume 27 Issue 1