In order to achieve the goal of “Beautiful China” and the strategic task of ecological civilization construction, it is objectively required to further strengthen the strategic position of environmental protection. Based on the development trend of global economy, science and technology, as well as China’s economic social development trend, resources and energy demand, environmental protection target in the next 10–15 years, this study deeply analyzes the current situation, predicts the development trend and shows the existing issues in the field of environmental protection, comprehensively understand the characteristics and requirements in the “new period”, and propose the strategic thinking and major initiatives in the national environmental protection focusing on the fields of atmospheric environment, water environment, rural and soil environment, solid waste pollution prevention and control, marine environment, environmental risks and health, international environmental protection in the next ten years, especially during the period of the “13th Five-Year plan”.