The research analyzes the strategy making and changing of science and technology development for ecological civilization abroad, and summarizes their experiences to provide us the reference. Analysis shows that the technical innovation is the core driving force, establishing and improving the scientific and technological innovation mechanism and system is the important content and support for the construction of ecological civilization. The construction of ecological civilization in China should pay more attention to science and technology development strategy, which is centered on the land and space development and the allocation of resources, production and living consumption field, ecological protection and construction, and environmental protection. Aiming at the core problem in the important field of low carbon technology, green economy, ecological restoration and environmental control technology, strengthening science and technology strategic layout is also critical.