This paper deeply investigates the basic concept, strategic status , basic form with the method of document analysis, field survey, experts counseling and focus group interviews to analyze the concept of ecological protection and construction, to identify the status of ecological civilization, and to clarify the current situation of ecological protection and construction, which lay a foundation for confirming the development strategy of ecological protection and construction. The result shows that ecological protection and construction is one of the three subjects of ecological civilization construction. It is fundamental in ecological construction even in human existence and development. The underlying state of ecological protection and construction in China can be summarized as “obvious achievement, partial improvement; weak foundation, severe situation”.