Strategic emerging industries are an important force guiding future economic and social development. Accelerating the development of strategic emerging industries is an important measure to promote the upgrading of industrial structure and speed up the transformation of economic development mode in China. It is of great strategic significance to the China’s modernization. This paper focuses on the 14th Five-Year Plan and the development of strategic emerging industries by 2035. It also systematically analyzes the international environment, trend, present situation, experiences, and problems of the strategic emerging industries. The general development ideas and key directions of emerging industries in the future are put forward, and relevant measures and suggestions are also proposed with a view to provide a theoretical reference for the high-quality development of strategic emerging industries in China, including promoting overall coordination and optimizing top-level design, to strengthen strategic guidance; strengthening the foundation for innovation and improving the innovation system for the strategic emerging industries; stimulating market vitality and giving full play to the dominant position and leading role of enterprises in innovation; promoting openness and integration and insisting on the combination of “going global” and “bring in”.