Marine transportation equipment is the basic support to build a strong marine country. To promote the marine, manufacturing, and transportation sectors, China needs to accelerate the technological innovation and high-quality industrial development of marine transportation equipment. This study aims at the future development of China’s marine transportation equipment technology and industry. First, the demands of marine transportation equipment were proposed for future markets, marine scientific research, marine resource development, and green intelligent technology. Then the technology and industry status of the world’s marine transportation equipment were analyzed from the aspects of higher education, scientific research, general design and assembly, information and communication equipment, as well as power and electromechanical equipment. Meanwhile, the world’s advanced technologies of marine transportation equipment were summarized. Next, the technological capabilities and industrial status of China’s marine transportation equipment were investigated, and the main problems were analyzed. Based on the above research, fivekey technical suggestions were put forward, such as polar navigation ship technology, ship intelligent manufacturing technology, and ship optimization and energy saving technology. And advices of setting up major projects were put forward, including intelligent ship engineering project, project of super eco-environment protection ships, and project for ship lifecycle operation and maintenance. At last, countermeasures and suggestions for the future development of China’s marine transportation equipment were proposed, in terms of top-level design, policy guidance, capital investment, collaborative innovation, talent construction, and international cooperation. The research results of this study can provide a reference for the future technical research of China’s shipbuilding authorities and relevant institutions.