As the fourth industrial revolution led by intelligence continues, the information display industry—the carrier of information interaction—has developed into a pillar industry for the new-generation information technology. China’s display industry is the world’s largest in scale; however, some developmental barriers are emerging such as shortcomings of upstream key materials, which restricts the overall development of China’s display industry. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the independent and controllable ability for the industry chain and supply chain of display materials in China. This study analyzes the development status of key materials for information display industries in China and abroad, and focuses on the core technologies, raw material self-supply capability, and industrialization development of key materials. It also summarizes the shortcomings and major challenges in the development of key materials for information display in China, and proposes key material development goals, industrial development paths, and technology breakthrough paths. To promote the display material industry, we propose the following suggestions: (1) establishing new research and development platforms for national information display materials and strengthening the leadership of national technological forces; (2) improving the layout of major special projects for information display materials and strengthening the construction of a material technology system; (3) cultivating world-class enterprises with global competitiveness and strengthening the ecological leadership of the industrial and supply chains; and (4) deepening multi-chain integration and strengthening the cultivation of industrial ecology through an industrial collaboration platform.