The vibration waves induced by marine power and gearing systems travel to the hull structure through various supporting bases, which is one of the important factors that cause ship vibration and underwater sound radiation and also directly affects the acoustic performance of ships and ocean acoustic environment. First, a comprehensive review on the theoretical research and engineering application of the vibration control technologies for marine power and gearing systems is presented, and the state of the art of the vibration control technologies is introduced from the perspectives of dynamic optimal design, vibration source control, passive and active control. Next, the technologies that need to be developed, such as the low-frequency active/passive vibration isolation for power flow control, adaptive system and broadband vibration control, metamaterial/metastructure-based vibration and noise control, and intelligent vibration sensing and control for sound radiation, are proposed. The challenges of vibration control technologies for marine power and gearing systems are analyzed subsequently, and countermeasures are further proposed. To promote the vibration control technologies for marine power and gearing systems in China, research on the vibration control theories need to be strengthened and the research and application of key technologies needs to be accelerated. Furthermore, the development of various active vibration control devices and the related technical standards system should be encouraged and established. National research platforms and talent training bases should be consolidated and the integration of industry, research institutes, universities and customers should be promoted.