The connotation and necessity of testing and commissioning of high-speed railway is explained and discussed， combined with the engineering practice of testing and commissioning in China， the key technology of testing and commissioning of high-speed railway are analyzed from the perspective of wheel/rail interaction， pantograph and ocs relation， aerodynamics of high-speed railway and train-track-bridge coupling. Then the main achievements of testing and commissioning of high-speed railway in China are concluded， and some useful suggestions are given about high-speed railway construction and operation.