The combustion and thermal degradation of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys Pubescens) treated by boric acid and borax respectively，were characterized by thermogravimetry and the cone calorimeter. Results showed that，these two typical compounds had positive effects on decreasing the maximum pyrolysis rate，narrowing high-temperature decomposition，and promoting the yield of residual char when moso bamboo subjected to thermal decomposition. The treated bamboo exhibited less heat and smoke release compared to the control. Total heat release for borax and boric treated bamboo decreased by 50.6 % and 44.1 %，respectively. While，the total smoke release decreased by 95.3 % and 91.6 %，respectively. Applications of boric acid and borax have significant influence on protecting bamboo substrate from thermal degradation and combustion.