In this paper，an innovative biomass- refining path called“selective- fractionation and economical-functionality”was proposed，based on the recognition of heterogeneity of biomass，which in the purpose to as far as possible retain the original features of macromolecules，activate and improve the biotransformation performance of components suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis，maximize the value of intermediate products. According to the association of raw material features，conversion processes and products requirement，diversified biomass refining paths have been established to prove the feasibility，reasonability and reliability of“selectivefractionation and economical- functionality”. In conclusion，“selective- fractionation and economical-functionality”of lignocellulosic materials would be the novel way to break through the tight economic and technological predicament of biomass economy.