Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the solid-state devices for generating electricity from the chemical energy. The effect of solid oxide materials on the performance of SOFC is especially important. From the influence of materials on electrochemical performance of SOFC, this paper summarizes electrochemical characterization methods for the composition materials of SOFC briefly based on the fundamentals of electrochemistry and solid electrochemistry. Some research experience is also included in the paper, which can facilitate the further research of materials.