The protective engineering is an important constituent part of the deterrent force of national defense, and of great strategic position. The earth penetrating weapons (nuclear and non-nuclear) developing by countries with military power have already posed a great threat to the safety of our protective engineering. On the summary of the developing earth penetrating weapons, the damage effects of earth penetrating weapons are reviewed, with emphasis on penetrating effect, crater effect and explosion ground shock effect. Aiming at the main threatens, the major measures and technological approaches are discussed. And several key scientific problems, including comprehensive protection system, nonlinear deep rock mass mechanics, pendulum type wave and ultra-low friction phenomenon, and gather effect of several n-bombs, are proposed, which are with urgent need to be researched.