There are mainly 3 sets of volcanic rocks in sedimentary basins of China: the strata of Carboniferous-Permian, the strata of Jurassic-Cretaceous and the strata of Palaeogene-Neogene. Volcanic rocks distributed widely and developed associated with hydrocarbon source rocks form good combination of source-reservoir-cap assemblage. In the eastern basins of China, intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks and primary type reservoir are mainly developed. In the western basins of China, mid-mafic volcanic rocks and weathering crust type reservoir are often developed. Almost all of the lithology and lithofacies of volcanic rocks can form effective reservoir. And the reservoir characteristic of weathering crust type is better than that of primary type. Lithological reservoir and fault-lithological reservoir are often developed in the eastern basins of China. Stratum reservoir, structure-stratum reservoir and structure-lithological-stratum combined reservoir are often developed in the western basins of China. In Songliao Basin, deep continued settlement faults control the distribution of gas regional; hydrocarbon generation faults trough controls the gas distribution in the fault depression; fault structure regions near the hydrocarbon generation faults trough are the gas enriched accumulation region, and high-quality volcanic reservoir controls gas accumulation. In the north part of Xinjiang area, the Carboniferous residual hydrocarbon-generation sags control area distribution of oil and gas; weathering crust scale controls the hydrocarbon accumulating scale and degree; the type of weathering crust-stratum traps could control reservoir forming effectively; the positive tectonic background controls oil and gas migration and accumulation. This paper points out that the area of volcanic rocks for exploration is 3.6×105 km² in China, and the predicted equivalent reserve in volcanic rocks is above 6×109 t.