Optimization design for the moderation layer and reflection layer of the epithermal neutron duct at in-hospital neutron irradiator mark 1(IHNI-1) reactor is carried out by using MCNP in this paper. Firstly, six moderator schemes combined with FLUENTAL are compared with Al materials, and two moderation optimization schemes which can obtain intensive epithermal neutron flux density at exit of this duct are chosen. Secondly, based on these two moderation schemes, the optimization design for reflectors around the moderator is introduced, and the recommended reflector schemes are given. Finally, based on the moderation layer and reflection layer optimization schemes, the neutron and gamma space distribution of the epithermal neutron beam at exit of this duct are detailed calculated.