Energy is the engine and security for sustainable and rapid development of economic growth. The energy structure based on coal won't change in short term, and to meet the requirement for the rapid and sound development of national economy, coal industry will face a historic choice. By analyzing achievements, characteristics, rules and troubles of Chinese coal industry, this article tries to explore the future direction for sustainable development, make a breakthrough and create new opportunities in the industrial pattern, technology and path to adapt to the transformation of economic development and realize scientific development.