A monitoring system of seepage and settlement for an earth embankment dam model using fully distributed optical fiber sensing technology is built to simulate seepages in earth dam. The strain curve of the tested optical fiber is obtained from the device in the experiment. The results certify the feasibility of the monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology. The analysis model in ANSYS software is set up by simplizing boundary conditions and choosing appropriate calculation units. The relationship between the load applied on the earth dam model and the strain of optical fiber sensors is qualitatively analyzed under some loading cases. The relationship between the load applied on the model and the gravity of collapsed earth is also got. The conclusion is helpful to quantitively judge the degree of seepage and to determine the applicable embedding depth of optical fiber sensors.