In the Tarim petroleum geology investigation from 1970 to 1978, the author proposed for the first time that there was developed source rock in the Paleozoic era. A great breakthrough of Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon field was achieved in Shacan No. 2 well in 1982. Through deep research of many Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon fields, the author proposed Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon accumulation theory in 1992, which includes superposition composite basin accumulation, multi-era and multi-layer series petroleum generation, multi-stage accumulation, multi-era and multi-type reservoir-seal assemblage, multi-accumulation model and that hydrocarbon is mainly distributed around paleo-uplift, paleo-slope, fault zone and unconformity.