There are 8843 state-owned mines of county level and above in China, 2/3 of which has become aged . There are more than 2000 tailing ponds and 1900 coal gangue hills, which reserve 5000 million tons of tailings and 3800 million tons of gangues respectively. They can become new composite mineral materials with the help of the latest technology. Through geological evaluation and experiment study on 4 model mines the authors provide advices as follows： developing mine wastes as building materials and Si-materials; developing gangues as nonmetal materials; geologically evaluating tailings and developing them rationally.