Since the reform and opening-up, ophthalmic resources have rapidly developed in China. On the basis of latest data, this article mainly introduces the present clinical and experimental studies in China on common blinding eye diseases of cataract, cornea, refractive error, vitreous & retina and glaucoma. Great progress has been made in clinical diagnosis and treatment with state-of-the-art ophthalmic equipment and internationally renowned experts in part of cities. However, the difference in overall ophthalmic level between China and developed countries is still pronounced. Main facilities are totally dependent upon importation from abroad. Experimental eye research is facing challenges as well. It requires more policy and financial supports to realize great breakthrough in this frontier.