Harmless and resourceful techniques for sewage treatment that are applicable to the implementation in small cities and towns and their development were summarized in order to provide reference for solving the deficiency of water resources and aquatic environment deterioration in China. It emphasizes that the resourceful reuse of wastewater after a harmless treatment with adjusting wastewater treatment measures to local conditions is the direction of waste treatment in small cities and towns in the country. The foreground of the harmless and resourceful techniques to be applied to small cities and towns was analyzed and discussed.