With the increasing deterioration of water environment, it is very urgent that an efficient method be found to control and rebuild a healthy recycling of water. Based on the relationship between natural and societal recycling of water, this paper highlights that social sustainable development should be harmonized with nature and shows that the recovery and maintenance of water environment should be based on a healthy societal recycling of water. A systematic theory and strategy of water environmental recovery has been put forward for the first time and the authors hold that a new branch-water environment science and technology-should be established in order to provide scientific foundation and professional. It is elemental and essential that all kinds of water-related work should be carried out in terms of water environment.