The current situation of the meteorololgical observation in China and the development tendency of the meteorological observation technology are analyzed. The principal goals of the design and implementation of the meteorological observation system project in China are described. The overall sketch and the main items of the “Meteorological Observation Automation Project (Phase 1)”, which is one of the national key projects to be carried out, are given. This paper is also one of the extending parts for “the Engineerized Implementation of Atmospheric Science”.