ESD has become one of the common hazards in information times. It is not only the ignition or detonation source at hazardous area, but also the EMI source for information equipment. In this paper, ESD hazards and its characteristics, effect mechanism and basic conditions to form electrostatic hazards are described. The success and development in electrostatic protection engineering in China are introduced. The test principle of “signal self-shielding and charge coupling”, test method of the real electrostatic sensitivity and friction potential decay of fabric, test technique of electrostatic dynamic potential on human body, etc. , are presented. And the classification standard and protection measures at electrostatic hazardous area, the logical configuration to forecast electrostatic hazards and the general principle and measures to be taken for electrostatic protection have been built up. Part of the experimental data is provided in this paper, and the current problems and development trends are introduced.