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Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 718-730 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1771-2

摘要：

For improving wastewater quality, one of the dare of steelworks is reducing cyanide in wastewater of gas washing treatment of blast furnaces. Costs of existing treatments, stringent environmental regulations and changeable composition of water from gas treatment, have led to study how available treatments can be modified and to examine new ones. Ozonation is one of cyanide treatments, tested within a European project. A process model was set up with Aspen Plus^®, to assess operating conditions and wastewater distinctive characteristics and to demonstrate treatment robustness. Process was modeled by theoretical reactors, taking into account all more affecting reactions. A genetic algorithm was exploited to find kinetic parameters of these reactions. After validation, the model was used to analyse scenarios, by considering also real contexts. Pilot tests were extended, process knowledge was enhanced and suggestions were obtained. To promote cyanide removal with ozone, temperature and pH values were 30°C and 10, respectively. With an ozone (mg/h)/water (L/h) ratio of 100 mg/L, batch mode ensure reaching cyanide regulation limit (0.2 mg/L) after maximum 4.5 h, if initial amount was less than 20 mg/L. Higher removal was obtained than in continuous mode due to constraints related to this last run. Higher wastewater contamination needed further time and more ozone.

关键词： blast furnace cyanide removal gas washing water modeling and simulation ozonation

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炉内废气循环气体浓度新模型检测方法研究

沈远胜,刘永杰,王德永,李本文

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第5期页码 70-72

摘要：

通过分析炉内废气循环过程的特点，在一定废气循环量的条件下，建立了炉内废气容积流量与废气循环次数的定量数学关系，建立了废气中氧气浓度与循环次数的定量数学关系。运用数学极限定律，得出氧的极限浓度定量数学公式，以此为基础，建立了助燃剂中氧气的浓度以及可燃混合物中氧气的浓度定量数学关系式。并以此推导出其他成分浓度的计算数学模型，为实际生产过程中不同环节的气体成分检测、分析建立了基础。

关键词：检测模型燃烧物燃烧比循环炉

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An investigation of reaction furnace temperatures and sulfur recovery

S. ASADI, M. PAKIZEH, M. POURAFSHARI CHENAR

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 362-371 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1106-z

摘要： In a modern day sulfur recovery unit (SRU), hydrogen sulfide (H S) is converted to elemental sulfur using a modified Claus unit. A process simulator called TSWEET has been used to consider the Claus process. The effect of the H S concentration, the H S/CO ratio, the input air flow rate, the acid gas flow of the acid gas (AG) splitter and the temperature of the acid gas feed at three different oxygen concentrations (in the air input) on the main burner temperature have been studied. Also the effects of the tail gas ratio and the catalytic bed type on the sulfur recovery were studied. The bed temperatures were optimized in order to enhance the sulfur recovery for a given acid gas feed and air input. Initially when the fraction of AG splitter flow to the main burner was increased, the temperature of the main burner increased to a maximum but then decreased sharply when the flow fraction was further increased; this was true for all three concentrations of oxygen. However, if three other parameters (the concentration of H S, the ratio H S/CO and the flow rate of air) were increased, the temperature of the main burner increased monotonically. This increase had different slopes depending on the oxygen concentration in the input air. But, by increasing the temperature of the acid gas feed, the temperature of the main burner decreased. In general, the concentration of oxygen in the input air into the Claus unit had little effect on the temperature of the main burner (This is true for all parameters). The optimal catalytic bed temperature, tail gas ratio and type of catalytic bed were also determined and these conditions are a minimum temperature of 300°C, a ratio of 2.0 and a hydrolysing Claus bed.

关键词： Claus unit concentration of H₂S tail gas ratio sulfur recovery catalytic bed

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高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术研究综述 Review Article

罗月阳1,张新民1,Manabu Kano2,邓龙3,杨春节1,宋执环1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第3期页码 327-354 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200366

摘要：在高能耗、高污染、极为复杂的冶炼过程中，高炉是极为重要的反应器。软测量技术是在线实时预测反映高炉能耗和运行稳定性质量指标的关键技术，在节能减排、提高产品质量和带来经济效益方面发挥着重要作用。随着物联网、大数据和人工智能的发展，高炉炼铁过程中的数据驱动软测量技术受到越来越多关注，但目前尚无关于高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术的系统性总结与评价。本文详细总结了高炉炼铁过程数据驱动软测量技术的最新研究成果与发展现状。具体而言，首先对高炉炼铁中使用的各种数据驱动软测量建模方法（如多尺度方法、自适应方法、深度学习等）进行了全面分类总结与分析。其次，对高炉炼铁中数据驱动软测量技术的应用现状（如硅含量、熔铁温度、气体利用率等）作对比分析。最后，展望了数据驱动软测量技术在高炉数字孪生、多源信息融合、碳达峰与碳中和等方面的潜在挑战和未来发展趋势。

关键词：软测量；数据驱动建模；机器学习；深度学习；高炉；炼铁过程

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高品质铝合金汽车板预处理气垫炉技术

李勇,王昭东,马鸣图,王国栋,付天亮,李家栋

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第1期页码 14-22

摘要：

首先介绍了铝带预处理的原理、工艺特点及气垫炉的工作原理，研究了汽车板生产工艺流程中的难点和重点，指出了气垫炉的工艺位置和不可替代的重要作用；回顾了铝带气垫炉生产线的发展过程，并对其进行了阶段划分和总结；分析了铝带气垫炉的研究现状，对其关键技术进行了深入分析，提出了铝合金汽车板气垫炉技术今后在工艺、设备及控制模型方面的研究重点。随着汽车行业轻量化的快速发展，汽车用铝带气垫炉装备、生产工艺技术的研究与开发必将迎来一个新的发展阶段。

关键词：铝合金汽车板沙特板气垫炉预处理工艺

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CCD测温在现代焦化炉中的应用

蒋亚龙,袁宏永

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第4期页码 73-75

摘要：

焦化炉是石化行业很重要的一个设备，随时了解它的温度场分布和掌握它的运行状态一直是一个备受人们关注的问题。就CCD测温在现代焦化炉中的应用进行了介绍，阐述它的原理，指出了它今后发展的方向，最后举例说明该方法在现代工程上可行，并取得了比较令人满意的结果。

关键词： CCD 焦化温度测量

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钢坯加热的数值模拟

陈冠军

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第2期页码 57-61

摘要：

借助CFD仿真手段，模拟蓄热式加热炉内钢坯加热的实际状况，研究了钢坯长度、宽度方向上下表面和中心温度的温度分布，提出钢坯存在上下温差、四角边缘温度高和靠近出钢口钢坯温度低等问题。同时，研究了炉内不同厚度钢坯与加热时间的基本关系，比较了仿真计算结果与实际炉内加热时间，通过数值拟合，得出钢坯厚度与加热时间的拟合公式，可在生产实际中使用。上述研究结果可为加热炉钢坯加热制度的制定和优化提供依据。

关键词：加热炉钢坯加热模拟

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应用先进技术改造传统炼铜产业

孔繁义

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第9期页码 69-76

摘要：

云南冶炼厂（云南铜业股份有限公司）是20世纪60年代初建成的铜精矿电炉熔炼企业。投产以来，存在着能源消耗大，SO₂利用率低，环境污染较严重，生产成本高等问题；近20年来，通过持续不断地技术改造和技术创新，特别是采用先进的富氧顶吹熔池熔炼技术取代电炉熔炼工艺，将使传统的炼铜产业获得迅速的提升。预计到2002年，不但在生产规模上成为全国三大铜生产企业之一，而且三废排放将完全达标，实现清洁生产，粗铜电耗可望由2 314 kW·h/t降至1 542 kW·h/t，生产成本会有明显下降，总体实力可进入世界铜工业20强之列。

关键词：铜工业电炉熔炼技术改造富氧顶吹熔池熔炼

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Particle formation of hydroxyapatite precursor containing two components in a spray pyrolysis process

W. Widiyastuti, Adhi Setiawan, Sugeng Winardi, Tantular Nurtono, Heru Setyawan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 104-113 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1406-1

摘要： The particle formation mechanism of hydroxyapatite precursor containing two components, Ca(OOCCH ) and (NH ) HPO with a ratio of Ca/P= 1.67, in a spray pyrolysis process has been studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on the transfer of heat and mass from droplets to the surrounding media. The focus included the evaporation of the solvent in the droplets, a second evaporation due to crust formation, the decomposition reaction of each component of the precursor, and a solid-state reaction that included the kinetic parameters of the precursor regarding its two components that formed the hydroxyapatite product. The rate of evaporation and the reacted fraction of the precursor both increased with temperature. The predicted average size of the hydroxyapatite particles agreed well with the experimental results. Therefore, the selected models were also suitable for predicting the average size of particles that contain two components in the precursor solution.

关键词： droplet hydroxyapatite particle CFD tubular furnace spray pyrolysis

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Development of oxide based diffusion barrier coatings for CFC components applied in modern furnaces

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第4期页码 392-396 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0241-z

摘要：

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon (CFC) materials show a high potential for usage in furnaces as sample carriers for example, which is due to their excellent thermal stability compared to steel carriers. Only their tendency to react with different metals at high temperatures by C-diffusion is a disadvantage, which can be solved by application of diffusion barriers. In order to enable the utilization of CFC-carriers for e.g. brazing furnaces, within the frame of this study thermally sprayed diffusion barrier coatings were developed. Coatings of mullite and ZrO₂-7%βY₂O₃ (YSZ) were prepared by air plasma spraying (APS). The coatings were investigated in terms of their microstructure and thermal shock behaviour. In order to prove the suitability of the coatings for the application in brazing furnaces, the wettability of the coating surfaces by a Ni-based brazing alloy was investigated. The results showed that both mullite and YSZ could be deposited on CFC substrates with a bond coat of W or SiC. Both coatings exhibited good thermal shock behaviour and an excellent non-wetting behaviour against the used Ni-based braze alloy.

关键词： diffusion barrier coatings carbon fibre reinforced carbon (CFC) plasma spraying microstructure furnace

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Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

LU Junfu, YUE Guangxi, YANG Hairui, ZHANG Jiansheng, YU Long, ZHANG Man, YANG Zhongming

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 134-139 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0027-0

摘要： The future of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology is in raising the steam parameters to supercritical levels. Understanding the heat flux distribution on the water wall is one of the most important issues in the design and operation of supercritical pressure CFB boilers. In the present paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to predict the heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat flux of the membrane wall and the results are validated by direct measurement of the temperature around the tube. Studies on the horizontal heat flux distribution were conducted in three CFB boilers with different furnace size, tube dimension and water temperature. The results are useful in supercritical pressure CFB boiler design.

关键词： horizontal different furnace temperature FEA measurement

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Compressive strength and stability of sustainable self-consolidating concrete containing fly ash, silica fume, and GGBS

Osama Ahmed MOHAMED, Omar Fawwaz NAJM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 406-411 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0350-1

摘要： This paper presents the findings of an experimental program seeking to understand the effect of mineral admixtures on fresh and hardened properties of sustainable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixes where up to 80% of Portland cement was replaced with fly ash, silica fume, or ground granulated blast furnace slag. Compressive strength of SCC mixes was measured after 3, 7, and 28 days of moist curing. It was concluded in this study that increasing the dosage of fly ash increases concrete flow but also decreases segregation resistance. In addition, for the water-to-cement ratio of 0.36 used in this study, it was observed that the compressive strength decreases compared to control mix after 28 days of curing when cement was partially replaced by 10%, 30%, and 40% of fly ash. However, a fly ash replacement ratio of 20% increased the compressive strength by a small margin compared to the control mix. Replacing cement with silica fume at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% was found to increase compressive strength of SCC mixes compared to the control mix. However, the highest 28 day compressive strength of 95.3 MPa occurred with SCC mixes in which 15% of the cement was replaced with silica fume.

关键词： fly ash silica fume ground granulated blast-furnace slag self-consolidating concrete and sustainable concrete

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Characteristics of the stabilized/solidified municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash and the leaching behavior of Cr and Pb

Yan SHAO,Haobo HOU,Guangxing WANG,Sha WAN,Min ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 192-200 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0719-0

摘要： Fly ash is a hazardous byproduct of municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI). An alkali activated blast furnace slag-based cementitious material was used to stabilize/solidify the fly ash at experimental level. The characteristics of the stabilized/solidified fly ash, including metal leachability, mineralogical characteristics and the distributions of metals in matrices, were tested by toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) respectively. Continuous acid extraction was utilized to extract metal ions and characterize their leaching behavior. The stabilization/solidification procedure for MSWI fly ash demonstrates a strong fixing capacity for the metals by the formation of C-S-H phase, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate and ettringite. The stabilized/solidified fly ash shows a dense and homogeneous microstructure. Cr is mainly solidified in hydrated calcium aluminosilicate, C-S-H and ettringite phase through physical encapsulation, precipitation, adsorption or substitution mechanisms, and Pb is mainly solidified in C-S-H phase and absorbed in the Si-O structure.

关键词： municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash blast furnace slag leaching behavior Cr Pb

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一种基于数字孪生云平台的炼铁过程智能优化服务 Article

周恒, 杨春节, 孙优贤

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第9期页码 1274-1281 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.022

摘要：

工业过程多目标优化研究因算法和设备的不完善，已经大幅限制了工业过程的智能化发展。为了提升流程工业过程的操作水平，本文提出了一种基于云服务平台和分布式系统的混合智能优化框架。在这个智能优化系统中，工业实时数据首先暂存于本地服务器，经过清洗整理后上传至云数据库中；然后在可拓展的云平台上部署分布式系统用于运行智能优化算法；最后将基于深度学习和进化算法的多目标混合优化算法打包上传至云计算平台。通过将多目标优化服务运行于数字孪生云上工厂，钢铁厂高炉铁水产量增加了83.91 t·d^﹣1，焦炭比降低了13.50 kg·t^﹣1，硅含量平均降低了0.047%。

关键词：云上工厂高炉炼铁多目标优化分布式系统