2022, Volume 11, Issue 4
Engineering >> 2022, Volume 11, Issue 4 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.028
Engineering sodium metal anode with sodiophilic bismuthide penetration for dendrite-free and high-rate sodium-ion battery
a Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
c Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
d Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Abstract
Sodium (Na) metal batteries with a high volumetric energy density that can be operated at high rates are highly desirable. However, an uneven Na-ion migration in bulk Na anodes leads to localized deposition/dissolution of sodium during high-rate plating/stripping behaviors, followed by severe dendrite growth and loose stacking. Herein, we engineer the Na hybrid anode with sodiophilic Na3Bi-penetration to develop the abundant phase-boundary ionic transport channels. Compared to intrinsic Na, the reduced adsorption energy and ion-diffusion barrier on Na3Bi ensure even Na+ nucleation and rapid Na+ migration within the hybrid electrode, leading to uniform deposition and dissolution at high current densities. Furthermore, the bismuthide enables compact Na deposition within the sodiophilic framework during cycling, thus favoring a high volumetric capacity. Consequently, the obtained anode was endowed with a high current density (up to 5 mA∙cm−2), high areal capacity (up to 5 mA·h∙cm−2), and long-term cycling stability (up to 2800 h at 2 mA∙cm−2).
Keywords
sodium metal anode ; dendrite-free ; compact electrodeposition ; sodiophilic bismuthide ; ion diffusion barrier
Figures
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