This paper focuses on the strategic research on five nonmetallic mineral resources for building materials, namely limestone for cement, silica raw materials for glass, clay mineral raw materials for sanitary ceramics (kaolin clay), high-purity quartz, and graphite. To develop nonmetallic mineral resources for building materials, this paper first offers the roadmap and objectives, and then proposes several key tasks, which are strengthening the planning and protection of mining area, constructing supply demonstration bases and standard raw materials bases, and promoting the strategic resource reserve system. To support the construction of a great power of nonmetallic mineral resources for building materials, a leading team should be set up, the standards system for raw materials and products of mineral resources should be improved, a personnel training system should be established, and laws and regulations on mineral resources should be formulated and implemented.