[ 1 ] Wang J N. A Primary framework on protection of ecological environment and realization of high-quality development for the Yellow River basin [J]. Environmental Protection, 2020, 48(Z1): 18−21. Chinese. link1

[ 2 ] Wang Y, Li Y H, Sun X Y. Eco-environment changes and countermeasures in the Yellow River Source Region [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2013, 31(3): 550−557. Chinese. link1

[ 3 ] Shao Q Q, Fan J W, Liu J Y, et al. Assessment on the effects of the first-stage ecological conservation and restoration project in Sanjiangyuan Region [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(1): 3−20. Chinese. link1

[ 4 ] Xu X L, Wang L, Li J, et al. Analysis of the grassland restoration trend and degradation situation in the “Three-River Headwaters” Region since the implementation of the ecological project [J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2017, 19(1): 50−58. Chinese. link1

[ 5 ] Wang T, Gao F, Wang B, et al. Status and suggestions on Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2017, 39(2): 229−234． Chinese. link1

[ 6 ] Wang W H. Yellow River water supply Gannan important ecological functions of wetlands areas and restoration of thinking [J]. Ecological Economy, 2011 (1): 387−389. Chinese. link1

[ 7 ] Li G M, Liu J, Li S, et al. Fractal characteristics analysis of wetland changes of Ruoergai Wetland nearly 25 years [J]. Geomatics & Spatial Information Technology, 2017, 40(7): 34−36. Chinese. link1

[ 8 ] Li B. Driving factors of Zoige Wetland desertification and countermeasures [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2008 (2): 145−149. Chinese. link1

[ 9 ] Li Z S, Yang L, Wang G L, et al. The management of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau of China: Present situations, problems, and counter-solutions [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(20): 7398−7409. Chinese. link1

[10] Liu G B, Shangguan Z P, Yao W Y, et al. Ecological effects of soil conservation in Loess Plateau [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017, 32(1): 11−19. Chinese. link1

[11] Gao J L, Gao Y, Ma H B, et al. Study on characteristics of soil and water loss control in Loess Plateau in recent 70 years [J]. Yellow River, 2019, 41(11): 65−69, 84. Chinese. link1

[12] Wang W Z, Lei K, Jiang E H, et al. Study on creating an integrated management strategy for the Yellow River Delta and its ambient sea area [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2016, 18(2): 91−97. Chinese. link1

[13] Wang R L, Lian Y, Wang X G, et al. Study on the overall framework of water ecological protection and restoration of the Yellow River basin [J]. Yellow River, 2013, 35(10): 107−110, 114. Chinese. link1

[14] Huang J H, Shi X X, Zhang Q, et al. Characteristics of ecological system and target identification of ecological protection of the Yellow River [J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2006 (12): 14−17, 56. Chinese. link1

[15] Xu X L, Liu J Y, Zhang S W, et al. China multi-period land use and land cover remote sensing monitoring data set (CNLUCC) [EB/OL]. (2018-07-02)[2021-09-07]. Chinese. link1

[16] Xu X L. China annual vegetation index (NDVI) spatial distribution dataset. [EB/OL]. (2018-06-06)[2021-09-08]. https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/doi.aspx?DOIid=49. Chinese. link1

[17] Tian Q. Impacts of climate change and human activities on water and sediment fluxes of the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in the past 60 years [D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University(Doctoral dissertation), 2016. Chinese. link1

[18] Wen J. Scientific use and protection of water resources in the source region of the Yellow River [N]. China Science News, 2016- 09-15(04). Chinese.

[19] Du J Z, Wang G X, Li Y S. Rate and causes of degradation of alpine grassland in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers during the last 45 years [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(6): 5−15. Chinese. link1

[20] Wang C P. Analysis on dynamic change of desertification land and driving forces in the Middle Area of Kubuqi Desert [J]. Forest Resources Management, 2018 (1): 63−71, 154. Chinese. link1

[21] Li X L. Reversal process and cause analysis of desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land [D]. Xi’an: Shaanxi Normal University(Master’s thesis), 2017. Chinese. link1

[22] Zhang H O. Comprehensive renovation of Mu Us Sandy Land: Present situation analysis and new ideas [J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2018, 8(5): 55−59. Chinese. link1

[23] Liu Y. Research on dynamic changes of land use in Ulan Buh Desert in the past 40 years [D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Normal University(Master’s thesis), 2013. Chinese. link1

[24] Zhao S L. The contraction and expansion of the southern region of the Tengger Desert and the causes from 1973 to 2009 [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University(Master’s thesis), 2015. Chinese. link1

[25] Wang J Z, Xue Z Z, Zhang C, et al. Spatio-temporal evolution of saline-alkali cultivated land and its impact on productivity in Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(5): 827−835. Chinese. link1

[26] soil and water loss control in the Loess Plateau [J]. China Water Resources, 2019 (23): 5−7, 11. Chinese. link1

[27] Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China. 2020 China soil and water conservation bulletin [EB/OL]. (2021-09-30)[2021-12-09]. Chinese. link1

[28] Feng X M, Fu B J, Lu N, et al. How ecological restoration alters ecosystem services: An analysis of carbon sequestration in China’s Loess Plateau [J]. Scientific Reports, 2013, 3: 2846. link1

[29] Zhang J L. Reconstruction and ecological management of the Lower Yellow River Floodplain [J]. Yellow River, 2017, 39(6): 24−27, 33. Chinese. link1

[30] Lian Y, Zhang J J, Wang X G. The Yellow River Delta ecological restoration and habitat protection based on water and sediment regulation [J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2015, 37(3): 6−8, 17. Chinese. link1

[31] Zhang A J, Dong Z R, Zhao J Y, et al. The evolution of wetland landscape pattern of the Yellow River estuary during water and sediment regulation [J]. Yellow River, 2013, 35(7): 69−72. Chinese. link1

[32] Deng X Y. Promote coordinated grand governance in the Yellow River basin [N]. China Environment News, 2019-10-15(03). Chinese.

[33] National Forestry and Grassland Administration. China forestry and grassland statistical yearbook 2020 [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2021. Chinese.

[34] Wang J N, Yu F, Ma G X, et al. China economic and ecological GDP accounting research report 2020 [R]. Beijing: Chinese Reference for Environmental Decision-making, 2020. Chinese.

[35] Zhao Z Y. Current situation and reflection on China’s “Three⁃North” shelter forest program [J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2018, 18(3): 67−76, 89. Chinese. link1

[36] Sun C Z, Zhen L, Wang C, et al. Assessment of the ecological effects of the first-phase natural forest protection project in the Xiaolongshan Region, Gansu Province [J]. Progress in Geography, 2017, 36(6): 732−740. Chinese. link1

[37] Wen X J. Study on the dynamic response of the spatial and temporal evolution of vegetation coverage in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yellow River to the project of returning farmland to forests (grass) [D]. Xianyang: Northwest A&F University(Master’s thesis), 2019. Chinese.

[38] Wang F T. Evaluation of ecological effects for the green project in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China—A case study in the Ulanqab City [D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University((Doctoral dissertation)), 2018. Chinese.

[39] Zhang H Y, Fan J W, Shao Q Q, et al. Ecosystem dynamics in the ‘Returning Rangeland to Grassland’ programs of China [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(4): 1−15. Chinese. link1

[40] Wu D, Gong G L, Shao Q Q, et al. Ecological effects assessment of Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control project [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016, 30(11): 117−123. Chinese. link1

[41] State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration. Evaluation in project for the construction of conversion of cropland to forest: GB/T 23233—2009 [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009. Chinese.

[42] State Forestry Administration. Technical regulation on Three-north shelter-belt assessment: LY/T 2411—2015 [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2015. Chinese.

[43] State Forestry Administration. Technical procedures for evaluation of natural forest protection & construction program: LY∕T 1818— 2009 [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009. Chinese.

[44] State Forestry Administration. National report on the ecological benefits of grain for green program in 2014 [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2015. Chinese.

[45] Guoxin.com. Comprehensive evaluation report of on the construction of the Three-North shelter forest system for 40 years press conference [EB/OL]. (2018-12-24)[2021-12-10]. Chinese. link1