The communication industry is crucial for promoting a country's network strength, leading scientific and technological innovation, and driving economic and social transformation. Novel network architectures are the core of future network and communication industry and require urgent research. This study expounds on the implication of novel network architecture and presents several representative architectures, including information center network, expressive Internet architecture, low-Earth-orbit satellite network, service customization network, full-dimensional definable network, and multimodal network. Moreover, the development trends of novel network architectures, including policies and regulations, industry development, and challenges are summarized. Key technologies such as deterministic networking, segmented routing, cloud computing, and cloud-network integration are explored. Meanwhile, measures to tackle critical problems are proposed, such as launching special science and technology projects and promoting application demonstration. Furthermore, we suggest that China should enhance the coordinated implementation of policies, laws, and regulations, cultivate a benign development ecology for the novel network architecture industry, promote in-depth cooperation among industry, universities, and research institutes, and build comprehensive and innovative research teams.