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Existence and practice of gaming: thoughts on the development of multi-agent system gaming Perspective

Qi DONG, Zhenyu WU, Jun LU, Fengsong SUN, Jinyu WANG, Yanyu YANG, Xiaozhou SHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 7,   Pages 995-1001 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100593

Abstract: Game is a universal being in the universe. Starting with human understanding of the game process, we discuss the existence and practice of gaming, expound challenges in multi-agent gaming, and put forward a theoretical framework for a multiagent evolutionary game based on the idea of evolution and system theory. Taking the next-generation early warning and detection system as an example, we introduce the applications of multi-agent evolutionary game. We construct a multi-agent selforganizing game decision-making model and develop a multi-agent method based on reinforcement learning, which are significant in studying organized and systematic game behaviors in a high-dimensional complex environment.

Keywords： 博弈；多智能体系统；多智能体演化博弈；预警探测    

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Prospects for multi-agent collaboration and gaming: challenge, technology, and application Perspective

Yu LIU, Zhi LI, Zhizhuo JIANG, You HE

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 7,   Pages 1002-1009 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200055

Abstract: Recent years have witnessed significant improvement of multi-agent systems for solving various decision-making problems in complex environments and achievement of similar or even better performance than humans. In this study, we briefly review multi-agent collaboration and gaming technology from three perspectives, i.e., task challenges, technology directions, and application areas. We first highlight the typical research problems and challenges in the recent work on multi-agent systems. Then we discuss some of the promising research directions on multi-agent collaboration and gaming tasks. Finally, we provide some focused prospects on the application areas in this field.

Keywords： 多智能体；博弈论；集体智能；强化学习；智能控制    

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Multi-agent differential game based cooperative synchronization control using a data-driven method Research Article

Yu SHI, Yongzhao HUA, Jianglong YU, Xiwang DONG, Zhang REN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 7,   Pages 1043-1056 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200001

Abstract: This paper studies the multi-agent based problem and its application to cooperative . A systematized formulation and analysis method for the multi-agent is proposed and a methodology based on the (RL) technique is given. First, it is pointed out that typical distributed controllers may not necessarily lead to global Nash equilibrium of the in general cases because of the coupling of networked interactions. Second, to this end, an alternative local Nash solution is derived by defining the best response concept, while the problem is decomposed into local s. An off-policy RL algorithm using neighboring interactive data is constructed to update the controller without requiring a system model, while the stability and robustness properties are proved. Third, to further tackle the dilemma, another configuration is investigated based on modified coupling index functions. The distributed solution can achieve global Nash equilibrium in contrast to the previous case while guaranteeing the stability. An equivalent parallel RL method is constructed corresponding to this Nash solution. Finally, the effectiveness of the learning process and the stability of are illustrated in simulation results.

Keywords： Multi-agent system     Differential game     Synchronization control     Data-driven     Reinforcement learning    

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Behavioural game analysis for three participants in construction project based on theory of information asymmetries

Xiang Pengcheng,Ren Hong

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 9,   Pages 101-106

Abstract:

The behavioural game model among the participants of general project and government investment project was established based on exploring the game relationships of the participants in construction project.Nash equilibrium of mixed strategy game was analyzed.Some countermeasures of resolving nonstandard behavior of participants in construction project such as building perfect system of construction management,the mechanism of supervision & punishment,the mechanism of incentive & constraint and so on were also presented at last.

Keywords： information asymmetries     construction project     behavioural risk of participants     risk management     game theory    

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Gametheoretic analysis for themechanism of moving target defense Article

Gui-lin CAI, Bao-sheng WANG, Qian-qian XING

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 12,   Pages 2017-2034 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601797

Abstract: Moving target defense (MTD) is a novel way to alter the asymmetric situation of attacks and defenses, and a lot of MTD studies have been carried out recently. However, relevant analysis for the defense mechanism of the MTD technology is still absent. In this paper, we analyze the defense mechanism of MTD technology in two dimensions. First, we present a new defense model named MP2R to describe the proactivity and effect of MTD technology intuitively. Second, we use the incomplete information dynamic game theory to verify the proactivity and effect of MTD technology. Specifically, we model the interaction between a defender who equips a server with different types of MTD techniques and a visitor who can be a user or an attacker, and analyze the equilibria and their conditions for these models. Then, we take an existing incomplete information dynamic game model for traditional defense and its equilibrium result as baseline for comparison, to validate the proactivity and effect of MTD technology. We also identify the factors that will influence the proactivity and effectiveness of the MTD approaches. This work gives theoretical support for understanding the defense process and defense mechanism of MTD technology and provides suggestions to improve the effectiveness of MTD approaches.

Keywords： Network security     Moving target defense (MTD)     Defense mechanism     Defense model     Game theory    

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Analysis on Project Investment Decision Based on Down Knock-out Option and Game Theory

Wu Yun ,He Jianmin

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 9,   Pages 44-48

Abstract:

In this paper, firstly, the connotation and the solution of down knock-out option and the basic principle of real option are dissertated, then, the method applied in project investment decision based on down knock-out option and game theory is put forward. And the project pricing in duopoly market structure is mainly analyzed. At last, example is provided.

Keywords： down knock-out option     real option     game theory     investment decision    

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Game Theory Analysis of Marine Rights Protection

Wang Lei, Chen Hua, Kang Meize, Ma Xiaochuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2019, Volume 21, Issue 6,   Pages 80-86 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.015

Abstract:

This study discusses marine rights protection from the perspective of game theory. It introduces the role of marine rights protection in handling marine disputes, as well as the nature, direction, and elements of the game in China’s marine rights protection. Currently, to minimize marine disputes through the game theory and pursue joint governance accord with China’s national interest. To this end, this study categorizes marine rights protection into three basic game processes, i.e., entry to disputed sea areas, cross-border operation by fishing boats, and non-cooperative fishing, and then conducts corresponding game analysis to determine the key directions for building the marine right protection force of China. It is concluded that improving technological means for marine rights protection can effectively change the game revenue and achieve a beneficial game equilibrium. In particular, the development of technologies for high-tech interference, underwater protection, marine wide-area surveillance, and remote sea fishery development can assist China to gain an advantageous position in repeated game processes.

Keywords： marine rights protection     game theory     marine rights protection technology     United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea    

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Caching resource sharing in radio access networks: a game theoretic approach Article

Jun-feng XIE,Ren-chao XIE,Tao HUANG,Jiang LIU,F. Richard YU,Yun-jie LIU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 12,   Pages 1253-1265 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500497

Abstract: Deployment of caching in wireless networks has been considered an effective method to cope with the challenge brought on by the explosive wireless traffic. Although some research has been conducted on caching in cellular networks, most of the previous works have focused on performance optimization for content caching. To the best of our knowledge, the problem of caching resource sharing for multiple service provider servers (SPSs) has been largely ignored. In this paper, by assuming that the caching capability is deployed in the base station of a radio access network, we consider the problem of caching resource sharing for multiple SPSs competing for the caching space. We formulate this problem as an oligopoly market model and use a dynamic non-cooperative game to obtain the optimal amount of caching space needed by the SPSs. In the dynamic game, the SPSs gradually and iteratively adjust their strategies based on their previous strategies and the information given by the base station. Then through rigorous mathematical analysis, the Nash equilibrium and stability condition of the dynamic game are proven. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed dynamic caching resource allocation scheme.

Keywords： Video caching     Oligopoly market     Game theory     Nash equilibrium     Stability analysis    

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Supermodular interference suppression game for multistatic MIMO radar networks and multiple jammers with multiple targets Research Article

Bin HE, Hongtao SU,aihebin19@163.com,suht@xidian.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 4,   Pages 617-629 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000652

Abstract: To deal with the threat of the new generation of electronic warfare, we establish a non-cooperative countermeasure game model to analyze and interference suppression between multistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars and in this study. First, according to the strategy, a supermodular game framework with a fixed weight (FW) vector is constructed. At the same time, a constrained optimization model for maximizing the radar utility function is established. Based on the utility function, the best strategies for the radars and jammers are obtained. The existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium (NE) of the are proved. A algorithm with FW is proposed which converges to the NE. In addition, we use adaptive methods to suppress cross-channel interference that occurs as direct wave interferences between the radars and jammers. A algorithm for joint and is also proposed. The algorithm can ensure the best , and also improves the interference suppression ability of the . Finally, the effectiveness and convergence of two algorithms are verified by numerical results.

Keywords： Supermodular game     Power allocation     Beamforming     MIMO radar     Multiple jammers    

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Resource allocation for network profit maximization in NOMA-based F-RANs: a game-theoretic approach Research Article

Xueyan CAO, Shi YAN, Hongming ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 10,   Pages 1546-1561 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100341

Abstract:

(NOMA) based s (F-RANs) offer high spectrum efficiency, ultra-low delay, and huge network throughput, and this is made possible by edge computing and communication functions of the fog access points (F-APs). Meanwhile, caching-enabled F-APs are responsible for edge caching and delivery of a large volume of multimedia files during the caching phase, which facilitates further reduction in the transmission energy and burden. The need of the prevailing situation in industry is that in NOMA-based F-RANs, energy-efficient , which consists of (CP) and radio (RRA), is crucial for network performance enhancement. To this end, in this paper, we first characterize an NOMA-based F-RAN in which F-APs of caching capabilities underlaid with the radio remote heads serve user equipments via the NOMA protocol. Then, we formulate a problem for maximizing the defined performance indicator, namely network profit, which takes caching cost, revenue, and energy efficiency into consideration. The NP-hard problem is decomposed into two sub-problems, namely the CP sub-problem and RRA sub-problem. Finally, we propose an iterative method and a Stackelberg game based method to solve them, and numerical results show that the proposed solution can significantly improve network profit compared to some existing schemes in NOMA-based F-RANs.

Keywords： Fog radio access network     Non-orthogonal multiple access     Game theory     Cache placement     Resource allocation    

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Optimal synchronization control for multi-agent systems with input saturation: a nonzero-sum game Research Article

Hongyang LI, Qinglai WEI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 7,   Pages 1010-1019 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200010

Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for with . The multi-agent game theory is introduced to transform the problem into a multi-agent . Then, the Nash equilibrium can be achieved by solving the coupled Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations with nonquadratic input energy terms. A novel method is presented to obtain the Nash equilibrium solution without the system models, and the critic neural networks (NNs) and actor NNs are introduced to implement the presented method. Theoretical analysis is provided, which shows that the iterative control laws converge to the Nash equilibrium. Simulation results show the good performance of the presented method.

Keywords： Optimal synchronization control     Multi-agent systems     Nonzero-sum game     Adaptive dynamic programming     Input saturation     Off-policy reinforcement learning     Policy iteration    

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Integrated Decision Model of Supply Chain Based on MTO Manufacturing Strategy

Liang Liang,Wang Zhiqiang,Wang Guohua,Tian Junfeng,Tang Weijun

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 57-62

Abstract:

This paper presents four criteria to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain. It proposes an integrated decision model under MTO manufacturing strategy for multi-chain assignment problem. Study shows that under the specific operation environment the core decision makers of supply chain can apply the integrated decision model dynamically, so as to maximize the whole efficiency and effectiveness of the alliance and maintain its stability.

Keywords： MTO     supply chain     efficiency and effectiveness     integrated decision     coalition game    

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Distributed game strategy for unmanned aerial vehicle formation with external disturbances and obstacles Research Article

Yang YUAN, Yimin DENG, Sida LUO, Haibin DUAN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 7,   Pages 1020-1031 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100559

Abstract: We investigate a for formations with external disturbances and obstacles. The strategy is based on a framework and . First, we propose a to estimate the influence of a disturbance, and prove that the observer converges in fixed time using a Lyapunov function. Second, we design an based on topology reconstruction, by which the UAV can save energy and safely pass obstacles. Third, we establish a distributed MPC framework where each UAV exchanges messages only with its neighbors. Further, the cost function of each UAV is designed, by which the UAV formation problem is transformed into a game problem. Finally, we develop LFPIO and use it to solve the Nash equilibrium. Numerical simulations are conducted, and the efficiency of LFPIO based distributed MPC is verified through comparative simulations.

Keywords： Distributed game strategy     Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)     Distributed model predictive control (MPC)     Levy flight based pigeon inspired optimization (LFPIO)     Non-singular fast terminal sliding mode observer (NFTSMO)     Obstacle avoidance strategy    

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The effective large-scale system of mega project

Ren Hong,Zeng Deheng,Zhang Wei,Zhang Jiangao

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 12,   Pages 75-80

Abstract:

Mega project belongs to complex systems category and its overly complex system structure results in more management difficult. In order to improve management efficiency and complete project target, it is proposed to use new concept to identify and streamline size, scope and elements of mega project system, which is called effective large-scale system. Firstly, the concept of large-scale system and its effectiveness sources are defined. And then, the elements’ contribution degree and correlation degree criteria are presented. The contribution and correlation degree are based on fuzzy relationship matrix. Finally, coordination problems between the elements are solved by domination cooperative game model.

Keywords： mega project     effective large-scale system     contribution degree     correlation degree     cooperative game    

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Agency Costs of Engineering Procurement

Chen Shouke,Wei Zhuobin

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 11,   Pages 66-71

Abstract:

Based on asymmetric information game and principal-agent theory, by analyzing the forming reasons and connotation relationships of agency costs which occurs during the process of engineering project procurement, this paper gives out the model of best contract and monitor mechanism. It also analyses the relationships between the monitor mechanism and incentive mechanism.

Keywords： engineering procurement     agency cost     asymmetric information game     principal-agent theory    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Existence and practice of gaming: thoughts on the development of multi-agent system gaming

Qi DONG, Zhenyu WU, Jun LU, Fengsong SUN, Jinyu WANG, Yanyu YANG, Xiaozhou SHANG

Journal Article

Prospects for multi-agent collaboration and gaming: challenge, technology, and application

Yu LIU, Zhi LI, Zhizhuo JIANG, You HE

Journal Article

Multi-agent differential game based cooperative synchronization control using a data-driven method

Yu SHI, Yongzhao HUA, Jianglong YU, Xiwang DONG, Zhang REN

Journal Article

Behavioural game analysis for three participants in construction project based on theory of information asymmetries

Xiang Pengcheng,Ren Hong

Journal Article

Gametheoretic analysis for themechanism of moving target defense

Gui-lin CAI, Bao-sheng WANG, Qian-qian XING

Journal Article

Analysis on Project Investment Decision Based on Down Knock-out Option and Game Theory

Wu Yun ,He Jianmin

Journal Article

Game Theory Analysis of Marine Rights Protection

Wang Lei, Chen Hua, Kang Meize, Ma Xiaochuan

Journal Article

Caching resource sharing in radio access networks: a game theoretic approach

Jun-feng XIE,Ren-chao XIE,Tao HUANG,Jiang LIU,F. Richard YU,Yun-jie LIU

Journal Article

Supermodular interference suppression game for multistatic MIMO radar networks and multiple jammers with multiple targets

Bin HE, Hongtao SU,aihebin19@163.com,suht@xidian.edu.cn

Journal Article

Resource allocation for network profit maximization in NOMA-based F-RANs: a game-theoretic approach

Xueyan CAO, Shi YAN, Hongming ZHANG

Journal Article

Optimal synchronization control for multi-agent systems with input saturation: a nonzero-sum game

Hongyang LI, Qinglai WEI

Journal Article

Integrated Decision Model of Supply Chain Based on MTO Manufacturing Strategy

Liang Liang,Wang Zhiqiang,Wang Guohua,Tian Junfeng,Tang Weijun

Journal Article

Distributed game strategy for unmanned aerial vehicle formation with external disturbances and obstacles

Yang YUAN, Yimin DENG, Sida LUO, Haibin DUAN

Journal Article

The effective large-scale system of mega project

Ren Hong,Zeng Deheng,Zhang Wei,Zhang Jiangao

Journal Article

Agency Costs of Engineering Procurement

Chen Shouke,Wei Zhuobin

Journal Article