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Study of mechanism of activating flux increasing weld penetration of AC A-TIG welding for aluminum alloy

HUANG Yong, FAN Ding, FAN Qinghua

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 442-447 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0076-9

Abstract: When multi-component flux AF305 is used as surface activating flux for an aluminum alloy, the weld pene tration of activating flux-tungsten inert-gas (A-TIG) welding is over two times more than that of conventional TIG welding. Using A-TIG welding with the modes of alternating current (AC), direct current electrode negative (DCEN) and direct current electrode positive (DCEP), respectively, the flux differently affects weld penetration when the polarity is different. After studied the effect of compelled arc con striction on weld penetration of AC welding, it is believed that the constriction of the whole arc root is not the main mechanism that flux AF305 dramatically improves weld penetration. The penetration has a relationship with the separate distribution of slag on the weld surface. Then, an observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an electronic data systems (EDS) analysis of slag were performed respectively. The separate distribution of slag on the weld pool during welding and the great constriction of arc spots were confirmed by TIG welding with helium shielding gas. The relationship between slag distribution and weld penetration was studied by adding aluminum powder into flux AF305 to change the distribution of slag. During welding, the separate distribution of slag on the weld pool results in the great constriction of arc spots, an increase in arc spot force, and an increase in Lorentz force within the arc and weld pool. Finally, the weld penetration is increased.

Keywords： A-TIG welding     surface     DCEN     electrode negative     increase    

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Effects of hypoxia on mRNA expression of housekeeping genes in rat brain tissue and primary cultured neural cells

YANG Yingzhong, MA Lan, GE Rili, FAN Wenhong, ZHU Lingling, ZHAO Tong, WU Yan, FAN Ming

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 3,   Pages 239-243 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0045-7

Abstract: Internal standards are critical for quantitative RNA analyses. Housekeeping genes are often used as internal standards with the assumption that their expression levels remain relatively constant in different experimental conditions. In this study, four commonly used housekeeping genes, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ?-actin, 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA were selected to test whether this assumption is tenable under hypoxic conditions. We tested the RNA expression level of these four genes in different hypoxic conditions. Rats subjected to acute hypoxia for 2 hours were used for tissue detection. Primary cultured neural stem cells from E13 fetal rats were treated with 3% O or 10% O for 24 hours for experiments. In both experiments, expression levels of 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA were constant, independent of hypoxia types. However, expression levels of GAPDH and ?-actin were all changed in all kinds of hypoxic conditions. In particular, the mRNA expression level of GAPDH was increased by 43.4% under 3% O hypoxic conditions. These results suggest that 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA are reliable internal controls for comparative analyses of transcription under hypoxia. GAPDH appears particularly unfavorable for this purpose in hypoxic conditions.

Keywords： Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase     comparative     constant     unfavorable     independent    

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Architect Robert Fan Wenzhao and the design of Chung Chi campus

Daqing GU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 456-464 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0094-2

Abstract: Among them were those important figures in the modern Chinese architectural history such as Robert FanThis paper tells a story about Robert Fan and his design of the Chung Chi College campus in the 1950sRobert Fan’s concept of campus planning with reference to his early design experience in the mainland

Keywords： Hong Kongβmodern architecture     China’s mainlandβmigrant architects     Robert Fan Wenzhao     Chung Chi College    

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Development of a fan-stirred constant volume combustion chamber and turbulence measurement with PIV

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 973-987 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0762-z

Abstract: A fan-stirred combustion chamber is deve-loped for spherically expanding flames, with P and P = 0.5–5 bar), fan

Keywords： fan-stirred combustion chamber     turbulence characteristics     particle image velocimetry (PIV)     methanol    

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Preface to the CSCST-25 Special Issue

Xiaolei Fan, Jiawei Wang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 629-631 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1903-3

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Analysis and control of micro-stepping characteristics of ultrasonic motor

Ning CHEN, Jieji ZHENG, Xianliang JIANG, Shixun FAN, Dapeng FAN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2020, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 585-599 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0577-3

Abstract: Micro-stepping motion of ultrasonic motors satisfies biomedical applications, such as cell operation and nuclear magnetic resonance, which require a precise compact-structure non-magnetization positioning device. When the pulse number is relatively small, the stopping characteristics have a non-negligible effect on the entire stepwise process. However, few studies have been conducted to show the rule of the open-loop stepwise motion, especially the shutdown stage. In this study, the modal differences of the shutdown stage are found connected with amplitude and velocity at the turn-off instant. Changes of the length in the contact area and driving zone as well as the input currents, vibration states, output torque, and axial pressure are derived by a simulation model to further explore the rules. The speed curves and vibration results in functions of different pulse numbers are compared, and the stepwise motion can be described by a two-stage two-order transfer function. A test workbench based on the Field Programmable Gate Array is built for acquiring the speed, currents, and feedback voltages of the startup–shutdown stage accurately with the help of its excellent synchronization performances. Therefore, stator vibration, rotor velocity, and terminal displacements under different pulse numbers can be compared. Moreover, the two-stage two-order model is identified on the stepwise speed curves, and the fitness over 85% between the simulation and test verifies the model availability. Finally, with the optimization of the pulse number, the motor achieves 3.3 µrad in clockwise and counterclockwise direction.

Keywords： ultrasonic motor     stepping characteristics     pulse number control     synchronous acquisition system     precise positioning    

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Factors affecting production of nonaqueous peracetic acid in tubular packed reactors

ZHANG Tengyun, FAN Hongbo, ZHONG Li, CHUANG Karl

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 196-203 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0037-9

Abstract: The synthesis of nonaqueous peracetic acid in acetone by acetaldehyde oxidation was carried out in a tubular packed reactor. The influencing factors of the reacting system including packing material, oxygen carrier, and reactor configuration were investigated. The results show that porous materials are inappropriate for peracetic acid synthesis and only non porous material with appropriate surface area can provide good peracetic acid selectivity and yield. Among the six kinds of packing material investigated, SA-5118 is the best one. As oxidizing gas, pure oxygen is superior to air. The optimum length-to-inner diameter ratio of the reactor is about 40. Under the proper reaction conditions, the highest peracetic acid yield of 84.15% and the highest selectivity of 93.34% can be achieved which indicates that the novel reacting system is effective and economical for nonaqueous peracetic acid production.
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New Insight into the Development of Oxygen Carrier Materials for Chemical Looping Systems Review

Fan, Liang-Shih Fan

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 343-351 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.05.002

Abstract:

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) and chemical looping reforming (CLR) are innovative technologies for clean and efficient hydrocarbon conversion into power, fuels, and chemicals through cyclic redox reactions. Metal oxide materials play an essential role in the chemical looping redox processes. During reduction, the oxygen carriers donate the required amount of oxygen ions for hydrocarbon conversion and product synthesis. In the oxidation step, the depleted metal oxide oxygen carriers are replenished with molecular oxygen from the air while heat is released. In recent years, there have been significant advances in oxygen carrier materials for various chemical looping applications. Among these metal oxide materials, iron-based oxygen carriers are attractive due to their high oxygen-carrying capacity, cost benefits, and versatility in applications for chemical looping reactions. Their reactivity can also be enhanced via structural design and modification. This review discusses recent advances in the development of oxygen carrier materials and the mechanisms of hydrocarbon conversion over these materials. These advances will facilitate the development of oxygen carrier materials for more efficient chemical looping technology applications.

Keywords： Chemical looping     Oxygen carrier     Hydrocarbon conversion     Ionic diffusion     Mechanism    

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Offline motion planning and simulation of two-robot welding coordination

Tie ZHANG, Fan OUYANG

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2012, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 81-92 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0309-4

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the two-robot welding coordination of complex curve seam which means one robot grasp the workpiece, the other hold the torch, the two robots work on the same workpiece simultaneously. This paper builds the dual-robot coordinate system at the beginning, and three point calibration method of two robots’ relative base coordinate system is presented. After that, the non master/slave scheme is chosen for the motion planning, the non master/slave scheme sets the poses versus time function of the point u on the workpiece, and calculates the two robot end effecter trajectories through the constrained relationship matrix automatically. Moreover, downhand welding is employed which can guarantee the torch and the seam keep in good contact condition all the time during the welding. Finally, a Solidworks-SimMechanics simulation platform is established, and a simulation of curved steel pipe welding is conducted. The results of the simulation illustrate the welding process can meet the requirements of downhand welding, the joint displacement curves are smooth and continuous and no joint velocities are out of working scope.

Keywords： complex curve seam     two robots     coordinated welding     motion planning    

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Research on constraint-based virtual assembly technologies

YANG Rundang, WU Dianliang, FAN Xiumin, YAN Juanqi

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 243-249 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0043-5

Abstract: To realize a constraint-based virtual assembly operation, the unified representations of the assembly constraint, the equivalent relation between the constraint and the degree of freedom (DOF), and the movement DOF reduction in a virtual environment are proposed. Several algorithms about the constraint treatment are submitted. First, the automatic recognition algorithm based on the assembly relation is used to determine the position and orientation relation between two geometry elements of constraint whether they meet the given errors. Second, to satisfy the new constraint, according to the positing solving algorithm, the position and orientation of an active part are modified with minimal adjustment after the part has satisfied the affirmed constraints. Finally, the algorithm of movement navigation based on the generalized coordinate system is put forward, and the part movement is guided. These algorithms have been applied to the integrated virtual assembly environment (IVAE) system. Experiments have indicated that these algorithms have well supported constraint treatments in the IVAE and realized the closer combination of the virtual and the real assembly processes.

Keywords： movement DOF     recognition algorithm     assembly     orientation     combination    

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Development of an axial-type fan with an optimization method

Chong-hyun CHO, Soo-yong CHO, Chaesil KIM,

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 414-422 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0038-5

Abstract: An axial-type fan that operates at a relative total pressure of 671Pa and a static pressure ofPrior to the optimization of the fan blade, a three-dimensional axial-type fan blade is designed basedThrough these procedures, an initial axial-fan blade designed by the free vortex method is modified toThe optimized fan is tested and compared with the performance obtained with the same class fan to figureat the same efficiency even though the tip clearance of the optimized fan is greater than 30%.

Keywords： axial-type fan     gradient method     free-vortex method     design variable     total pressure     static pressure     operating    

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Noise reduction for centrifugal fan with non-isometric forward-swept blade impeller

MA Jianfeng, QI Datong, MAO Yijun

Frontiers in Energy 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 433-437 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0082-6

Abstract: To reduce the noise of the T9-19No.4A centrifugal fan, whose impeller has equidistant forward-swept bladesBoth the fan’s aerodynamic performance and noise were measured when the two redesigned impellers weretest results are discussed in detail and the effect of the noise reduction method for a centrifugal fannon-isometric forward-swept blades was analyzed, which can serve as a reference for researches on reduction of fan

Keywords： different     reference     aerodynamic performance     centrifugal     impeller    

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Oscillation frequency of simplified arterial tubes

Hui AN, Fan HE, Lingxia XING, Xiaoyang LI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2009, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 300-304 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0038-5

Abstract: To construct the spatial kinetic equation of an arterial tube and obtain its radial natural frequency, a linear-elastic and small deformation condition is assumed. The theoretical analysis is first presented and the finite element method is then used to numerically simulate the spatial kinematics. The results show that the first-order frequency is 15.8 Hz and the obtained exact analytical solutions agree well with numerical solutions, which proves that the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are both correct.

Keywords： spatial kinematics     natural frequency     finite element method    

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Growing collaborations between Chinese and UK young scholars on chemical science and technology

Weiping Wu, Xiaolei Fan, Yongliang Li, Ruijiao Dong

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1,   Pages 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2027-5

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Photochemical indicators of ozone sensitivity: application in the Pearl River Delta, China

Lyumeng Ye,Xuemei Wang,Shaofeng Fan,Weihua Chen,Ming Chang,Shengzhen Zhou,Zhiyong Wu,Qi Fan

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0887-1

Abstract: The distribution of NO - and VOC-sensitive regimes in the PRD are identified. The effectiveness of six popular chemical indicators for discriminating O sensitivity regimes is evaluated. Threshold levels for HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO were derived and verified. The indicators H O /HNO and H O /NO performed best and maintained relatively stable threshold levels. Surface O production has a highly nonlinear relationship with its precursors. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of O -NO -VOC-sensitivity regimes complicates the control- decision making. In this paper, the indicator method was used to establish the relationship between O sensitivity and assessment indicators. Six popular ratios indicating ozone-precursor sensitivity, HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO , were evaluated based on the distribution of NO - and VOC-sensitive regimes. WRF-Chem was used to study a serious ozone episode in fall over the Pearl River Delta (PRD). It was found that the south-west of the PRD is characterized by a VOC-sensitive regime, while its north-east is NO -sensitive, with a sharp transition area between the two regimes. All indicators produced good representations of the elevated ozone hours in the episode on 6 November 2009, with H O /HNO being the best indicator. The threshold sensitivity levels for HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO were estimated to be 0.41, 0.55, 10.2, 14.0, 19.1, and 0.38, respectively. Threshold intervals for the indicators H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO were able to identify more than 95% of VOC- and NO -sensitive grids. The ozone episode on 16 November 16 2008 was used to independently verify the results, and it was found that only H O /HNO and H O /NO were able to differentiate the ozone sensitivity regime well. Hence, these two ratios are suggested as the most appropriate indicators for identifying fall ozone sensitivity in the PRD. Since the species used for indicators have seasonal variation, the utility of those indicators for other seasons should be investigated in the future work.

Keywords： Ozone     Pearl River Delta (PRD)     Sensitivity regime     Photochemical indicator     Threshold levels    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Study of mechanism of activating flux increasing weld penetration of AC A-TIG welding for aluminum alloy

HUANG Yong, FAN Ding, FAN Qinghua

Journal Article

Effects of hypoxia on mRNA expression of housekeeping genes in rat brain tissue and primary cultured neural cells

YANG Yingzhong, MA Lan, GE Rili, FAN Wenhong, ZHU Lingling, ZHAO Tong, WU Yan, FAN Ming

Journal Article

Architect Robert Fan Wenzhao and the design of Chung Chi campus

Daqing GU

Journal Article

Development of a fan-stirred constant volume combustion chamber and turbulence measurement with PIV

Journal Article

Preface to the CSCST-25 Special Issue

Xiaolei Fan, Jiawei Wang

Journal Article

Analysis and control of micro-stepping characteristics of ultrasonic motor

Ning CHEN, Jieji ZHENG, Xianliang JIANG, Shixun FAN, Dapeng FAN

Journal Article

Factors affecting production of nonaqueous peracetic acid in tubular packed reactors

ZHANG Tengyun, FAN Hongbo, ZHONG Li, CHUANG Karl

Journal Article

New Insight into the Development of Oxygen Carrier Materials for Chemical Looping Systems

Fan, Liang-Shih Fan

Journal Article

Offline motion planning and simulation of two-robot welding coordination

Tie ZHANG, Fan OUYANG

Journal Article

Research on constraint-based virtual assembly technologies

YANG Rundang, WU Dianliang, FAN Xiumin, YAN Juanqi

Journal Article

Development of an axial-type fan with an optimization method

Chong-hyun CHO, Soo-yong CHO, Chaesil KIM,

Journal Article

Noise reduction for centrifugal fan with non-isometric forward-swept blade impeller

MA Jianfeng, QI Datong, MAO Yijun

Journal Article

Oscillation frequency of simplified arterial tubes

Hui AN, Fan HE, Lingxia XING, Xiaoyang LI

Journal Article

Growing collaborations between Chinese and UK young scholars on chemical science and technology

Weiping Wu, Xiaolei Fan, Yongliang Li, Ruijiao Dong

Journal Article

Photochemical indicators of ozone sensitivity: application in the Pearl River Delta, China

Lyumeng Ye,Xuemei Wang,Shaofeng Fan,Weihua Chen,Ming Chang,Shengzhen Zhou,Zhiyong Wu,Qi Fan

Journal Article