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Performance analysis and power allocation of mixed-ADC multi-cell millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems with antenna selection

Tao Zhou, Guichao Chen, Cheng-xiang Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Liu Liu, Yiqun Liang,taozhou@bjtu.edu.cn,17120045@bjtu.edu.cn,chxwang@seu.edu.cn,jiayizhang@bjtu.edu.cn,liuliu@bjtu.edu.cn,liangyiqun@139.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 571-585 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000509

Abstract: In this study, we consider a multi-cell (mmWave) system with a (mixed-ADC) and hybrid beamforming architecture, in which is applied to achieve intelligent assignment of high- and low-resolution ADCs. Both exact and approximate closed-form expressions for the uplink achievable rate are derived in the case of maximum-ratio combining reception. The impacts on the achievable rate of user transmit power, number of radio frequency chains at a base station, ratio of high-resolution ADCs, number of propagation paths, and number of quantization bits are analyzed. It is shown that the user transmit power can be scaled down inversely proportional to the number of antennas at the base station. We propose an efficient power allocation scheme by solving a complementary geometric programming problem. In addition, the energy efficiency is investigated, and an optimal tradeoff between the achievable rate and power consumption is discussed. Our results will provide a useful reference for the study of mixed-ADC multi-cell mmWave massive MIMO systems with .

Keywords： 毫米波；大规模多输入多输出；混合模拟-数字转换器；性能分析；天线选择    

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Anon-stationary channelmodel for 5Gmassive MIMOsystems Article

Jian-qiao CHEN, Zhi ZHANG, Tian TANG, Yu-zhen HUANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 12,   Pages 2101-2110 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700028

Abstract: We propose a novel channel model for massive multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) communication systems that incorporate the spherical wave-front assumption and non-stationary properties of clusters on both the array and time axes. Because of the large dimension of the antenna array in massive MIMO systems, the spherical wave-front is assumed to characterize near-field effects resulting in angle of arrival (AoA) shifts and Doppler frequency variations on the antenna array. Additionally, a novel visibility region method is proposed to capture the non-stationary properties of clusters at the receiver side. Combined with the birth-death process, a novel cluster evolution algorithm is proposed. The impacts of cluster evolution and the spherical wave-front assumption on the statistical properties of the channel model are investigated. Meanwhile, corresponding to the theoretical model, a simulation model with a finite number of rays that capture channel characteristics as accurately as possible is proposed. Finally, numerical analysis shows that our proposed non-stationary channel model is effective in capturing the characteristics of a massive MIMO channel.

Keywords： Massive MIMO     Spherical wave-front assumption     Non-stationary property     Birth-death process     Visibility region method    

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Interference coordination in full-duplex HetNet with large-scale antenna arrays Article

Zhao-yang ZHANG, Wei LYU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 6,   Pages 830-840 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700047

Abstract: Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), small cell, and full-duplex are promising techniques for future 5G communication systems, where interference has become the most challenging issue to be addressed. In this paper, we provide an interference coordination framework for a two-tier heterogeneous network (HetNet) that consists of a massive-MIMO enabled macro-cell base station (MBS) and a number of full-duplex small-cell base stations (SBSs). To suppress the interferences and maximize the throughput, the full-duplex mode of each SBS at the wireless backhaul link (i.e., in-band or out-of-band), which has a different impact on the interference pattern, should be carefully selected. To address this problem, we propose two centralized algorithms, a genetic algorithm (GEA) and a greedy algorithm (GRA). To sufficiently reduce the computational overhead of the MBS, a distributed graph coloring algorithm (DGCA) based on price is further proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms significantly improve the system throughput.

Keywords： Massive MIMO     Full-duplex     Small cell     Wireless backhaul     Distributed algorithm    

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Diversity Glass Antennas for Tri-Band WiFi Applications Article

Peng Fei Hu, Kwok Wa Leung, Kwai Man Luk, Yong Mei Pan, Shao Yong Zheng

Engineering 2023, Volume 23, Issue 4,   Pages 157-169 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.011

Abstract:

This paper investigates two novel polarization- and pattern-diversity glass dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), both of which are for tri-band (2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz) wireless fidelity (WiFi) applications. It also investigates what type of diversity antenna is most suitable for WiFi router applications by comparing the two DRAs, along with a new space-diversity glass DRA. These three diversity glass DRAs are also compared with a commercial space-diversity monopole pair to benchmark the performance of the glass DRA in WiFi router applications. In our polarization-diversity antenna, a double-port feeding scheme is developed to excite different DRA modes. The frequencies of the DRA modes are tuned by using a stepped DRA. For the pattern-diversity design, a stacked DRA is introduced to broaden the bandwidth for both the conical and broadside radiation modes. All three of the new diversity antennas were fabricated and measured to verify the simulations. In our experiment, the bit error rate (BER) of the three diversity glass antennas and the reference space-diversity monopole antenna was also measured, and the results are compared and discussed. It is found that the polarization-diversity omnidirectional DRA has the most stable BER among the three.
 

Keywords： WiFi Diversity antennas Multi-frequency     Glass     Dielectric resonator antennas     Multiple-input multiple-output    

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Zero ground clearance dual antenna pair for metal-cased fifth-generation multiple input multiple output smartphone Correspondence

Le CHANG, Wenbao HE, Xiaomin CHEN, Xiaoxue TAN, Juan CHEN, Kai KANG, Yang YANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 10,   Pages 1562-1567 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200119

Abstract:

The fifth-generation (5G) era has already arrived and many applications are prospering. The multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is the key to enhancing channel capacity for both the fourthgeneration (4G) wireless communication and 5G systems. For a smartphone, the most challenging task for antenna engineers is to accommodate the numerous 4G and 5G multi-port antennas while avoiding mutual coupling problems (Li Y et al., 2009, 2012; Hong, 2017; Sharawi et al., 2017). Therefore, implementing multiple antennas within a small space is a worthwhile topic to study, especially for antennas operating at the same frequency.

Keywords： 天线对；第五代移动通信技术（5G）；Sub-6 GHz；极化正交；智能终端；智能手机；零净空；全金属外壳；多输入多输出（MIMO）    

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5G evolution promoting innovation of antenna systems Correspondences

Feng GAO, Peng GAO, Wen-tao ZHU, Chen-xi ZHANG, Xian-kun MENG, Run-hong SHAN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 188-194 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900561

Abstract: We introduce the basic concept, background, and development of mobile communication systems from the first generation (1G) to the fifth generation (5G) including their antenna systems. We also describe the requirements for 5G networking and optimization of antenna systems, and present the basic principle of three-dimensional array antennas. Weight optimization methods of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are proposed and verified. Finally, several ideas are given to solve the problem of power consumption of 5G antenna systems.

Keywords： Fifth generation (5G)     Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array     Power consumption     Weight optimization    

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Adaptive tracking control of high-order MIMO nonlinear systems with prescribed performance Research Articles

Xuerao Wang, Qingling Wang, Changyin Sun,wangxuerao@seu.edu.cn,qlwang@seu.edu.cn,cysun@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 7,   Pages 986-1001 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000145

Abstract: In this paper, an observer-based adaptive tracking control scheme is developed for a class of uncertain multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with or without . A novel finite-time is constructed to estimate the system uncertainties and external disturbances. To guarantee the , an error transformation is applied to transfer the time-varying constraints into a constant constraint. Then, by employing a barrier Lyapunov function and the backstepping technique, an observer-based tracking control strategy is presented. It is proven that using the proposed algorithm, all the closed-loop signals are bounded, and the tracking errors satisfy the predefined time-varying performance requirements. Finally, simulation results on a quadrotor system are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Keywords： 自适应跟踪控制；预设性能；输入饱和；干扰观测器；神经网络    

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Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review Review Articles

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 72-96 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900467

Abstract: Highly efficient power amplifiers (PAs) and associated linearization techniques have been developed to accommodate the explosive growth in the data transmission rate and application of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) systems. In this paper, energy-efficient integrated Doherty PA monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and linearization techniques are reviewed for both the sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) fifth-generation (5G) mMIMO systems; different semi-conductor processes and architectures are compared and analyzed. Since the 5G protocols have not yet been finalized and PA specifications for mMIMO are still under consideration, it is worth investigating novel design methods to further improve their efficiency and linearity performance. Digital predistortion techniques need to evolve to be adapted in mMIMO systems, and some creative linearity enhancement techniques are needed to simultaneously improve the compensation accuracy and reduce the power consumption.

Keywords： Energy-efficient     Linearization     Massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO)     Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)     Power amplifier    

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Joint Modulations of Electromagnetic Waves and Digital Signals on A Single Metasurface Platform to Reach Programmable Wireless Communications Article

Xiang Wan, Chaokun Xiao, He Huang, Qiang Xiao, Wei Xu, Yueheng Li, Joerg Eisenbeis, Jiawei Wang, Ziai Huang, Qiang Cheng, Shi Jin, Thomas Zwick, Tiejun Cui

Engineering 2022, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 86-95 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.016

Abstract:

In current wireless communication and electronic systems, digital signals and electromagnetic (EM) radiation are processed by different modules. Here, we propose a mechanism to fuse the modulation of digital signals and the manipulation of EM radiation on a single programmable metasurface. The programmable metasurface consists of massive subwavelength-scale digital coding elements. A set of digital states of all elements forms simultaneous digital information roles for modulation and the wave-control sequence code of the programmable metasurface. By designing digital coding sequences in the spatial and temporal domains, the digital information and far-field patterns of the programmable metasurface can be programmed simultaneously and instantly in desired ways. For the experimental demonstration of the mechanism, we present a programmable wireless communication system. The same system can realize transmissions of digital information in single-channel modes with beam-steerable capability and multichannel modes with multiple independent information. The measured results show the excellent performance of the programmable system. This work provides excellent prospects for applications in fifth- or sixth-generation wireless communications and modern intelligent platforms for unmanned aircrafts and vehicles.

Keywords： joint radar and communication     programmable metasurface     massive multiple-in and multiple-out    

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A 39 GHz Dual-Channel Transceiver Chipset With an Advanced LTCC Package for 5G Multi-Beam MIMO Systems Aticle

Yiming Yu,Zhilin Chen,Chenxi Zhao,Huihua Liu,Yunqiu Wu,Wen-Yan Yin,Kai Kang

Engineering 2023, Volume 22, Issue 3,   Pages 125-140 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.023

Abstract:

This article presents a 39 GHz transceiver front-end chipset for 5G multi-input multi-output (MIMO) applications. Each chip includes two variable-gain frequency-conversion channels and can support two simultaneous independent beams, and the chips also integrate a local-oscillator chain and digital module for multi-chip extension and gain-state control. To improve the radio-frequency performance, several circuit-level improvement techniques are proposed for the key building blocks in the front-end system. Furthermore, an advanced low-temperature co-fired ceramic process is developed to package the 39 GHz dual-channel transceiver chipset, and it achieves low packaging loss and high isolation between the two transmitting (TX)/receiving (RX) channels. Both the chip-level and system-in-package (SIP)-level measurements are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the transceiver chipset. The measurement characteristics show that the TX SIP provides 11 dB maximum gain and 10 dBm saturated output power, while the RX SIP achieves 52 dB maximum gain, 5.4 dB noise figure, and 7.2 dBm output 1 dB compression point. Single-channel communication link testing of the transceiver exhibits an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 3.72% and a spectral efficiency of 3.25 bit·s−1·Hz−1 for 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation and an EVM of 3.76% and spectral efficiency of 3.9 bit·s−1·Hz−1 for 256-QAM modulation over a 1 m distance. Based on the chipset, a 39 GHz multi-beam prototype is also developed to perform the MIMO operation for 5G millimetre wave applications. The over-the-air communication link for one- and two-stream transmission indicates that the multi-beam prototype can cover a 5–150 m distance with comparable throughput.

Keywords： 5G     Multi-beam     Multi-input multi-output     Millimeter-wave     Transceiver     Wireless communication    

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Mutual coupling reduction of multiple antenna systems Review

Jia-yin GUO, Feng LIU, Guo-dong JING, Lu-yu ZHAO, Ying-zeng YIN, Guan-long HUANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 3,   Pages 366-376 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900490

Abstract: A multi-band multi-antenna system has become an important trend in the development of mobile communication systems. However, strong mutual coupling tends to occur between antenna elements with a small space, distorting array antennas’ performance. Therefore, in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system, high isolation based on miniaturization of the antenna array has been pursued. We study in depth the methods of decoupling between antenna elements. Reasons for the existence of mutual coupling and advantages of mutual coupling reduction are analyzed. Then the decoupling methods proposed in recent works are compared and analyzed. Finally, we propose a metasurface consisting of double-layer short wires, which can be applied to improve the port isolation of antennas arranged along the H-plane and E-plane. Results show that the proposed metasurface has good decoupling effect on a closely placed antenna array.

Keywords： Mutual coupling     Multiple-input multiple-output     Antenna array     Metasurface     Decoupling    

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Ergodic secrecy capacity ofMRC/SC in single-inputmultiple-output wiretap systems with imperfect channel state information Article

Hui ZHAO, You-yu TAN, Gao-feng PAN, Yun-fei CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 4,   Pages 578-590 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500430

Abstract: This paper investigates the secrecy performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) with imperfect channel state information (CSI) in the physical layer. In a single-input multipleoutput (SIMO) wiretap channel, a source transmits confidential messages to the destination equipped with antennas using the MRC/SC scheme to process the received multiple signals. An eavesdropper equipped with antennas also adopts the MRC/SC scheme to promote successful eavesdropping. We derive the exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) in two cases: (1) MRC with weighting errors, and (2) SC with outdated CSI. Moreover, two important indicators, namely high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) slope and high SNR power offset, which govern ESC at the high SNR region, are derived. Finally, simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of our proposed analytical models. Results indicate that ESC rises with the increase of the number of antennas and the received SNR at the destination, and fades with the increase of those at the eavesdropper. Another finding is that the high SNR slope is constant, while the high SNR power offset is correlated with the number of antennas at both the destination and the eavesdropper.

Keywords： Ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC)     Maximal ratio combining (MRC)     Weighting errors     Physical layer security     Selection combining (SC)     Single-input multiple-output (SIMO)    

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Beam squint effect on high-throughput millimeter-wave communication with an ultra-massive phased array

Zhiqiang Wang, Jiawei Liu, Jun Wang, Guangrong Yue,wangzq@std.uestc.edu.cn,842927584@qq.com,junwang@uestc.edu.cn,yuegr@uestc.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 560-570 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000451

Abstract: An can be deployed in high-throughput communication systems to increase the transmission distance. However, when the signal bandwidth is large, the antenna array response changes with the frequency, causing . In this paper, we investigate the effect on a high-throughput mmWave communication system with the single-carrier frequency-domain equalization transmission scheme. Specifically, we first view analog beamforming and the physical channel as a spatial equivalent channel. The characteristics of the spatial equivalent channel are analyzed which behaves like frequency-selective fading. To eliminate the deep fading points in the spatial equivalent channel, an advanced analog beamforming method is proposed based on the (ZC) sequence. Then, the low-complexity linear zero-forcing and minimum mean squared error equalizers are considered at the receiver. Simulation results indicate that the proposed ZC-based analog beamforming method can effectively mitigate the performance loss by the .

Keywords： 超大规模相控阵；毫米波；波束倾斜；Zadoff-Chu；单载波频域均衡    

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Prior information based channel estimation for millimeter-wave massive MIMO vehicular communications in 5G and beyond Research Articles

Zhao Yi, Weixia Zou, Xuebin Sun,yz17tx@bupt.edu.cn,zwx0218@bupt.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 777-789 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000515

Abstract: (mmWave) has been claimed as the viable solution for high-bandwidth s in 5G and beyond. To realize applications in future s, it is important to take a robust mmWave vehicular network into consideration. However, one challenge in such a network is that mmWave should provide an ultra-fast and high-rate data exchange among vehicles or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Moreover, traditional real-time strategies are unavailable because vehicle mobility leads to a fast variation mmWave channel. To overcome these issues, a approach for mmWave V2I communications is proposed in this paper. Specifically, by considering a fast-moving vehicle secnario, a corresponding mathematical model for a fast channel is first established. Then, the temporal variation rule between the base station and each mobile user and the determined direction-of-arrival are used to predict the channel prior information (PI). Finally, by exploiting the PI and the characteristics of the channel, the channel is estimated. The simulation results show that the scheme in this paper outperforms traditional ones in both normalized mean square error and sum-rate performance in the mmWave vehicular system.

Keywords： 大规模多入多出；毫米波；信道估计；车辆通信；时变    

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Beamforming techniques for massive MIMO systems in 5G: overview, classification, and trends for future research Review

Ehab ALI, Mahamod ISMAIL, Rosdiadee NORDIN, Nor Fadzilah ABDULAH

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 6,   Pages 753-772 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601817

Abstract: Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems combined with beamforming antenna array technologies are expected to play a key role in next-generation wireless communication systems (5G), which will be deployed in 2020 and beyond. The main objective of this review paper is to discuss the state-of-the-art research on the most favourable types of beamforming techniques that can be deployed in massive MIMO systems and to clarify the importance of beamforming techniques in massive MIMO systems for eliminating and resolving the many technical hitches that massive MIMO system implementation faces. Classifications of optimal beamforming techniques that are used in wireless communication systems are reviewed in detail to determine which techniques are more suitable for deployment in massive MIMO systems to improve system throughput and reduce intra- and inter-cell interference. To overcome the limitations in the literature, we have suggested an optimal beamforming technique that can provide the highest performance in massive MIMO systems, satisfying the requirements of next-generation wireless communication systems.

Keywords： Beamforming classifications     Massive MIMO     Hybrid beamforming     Millimetre-wave beamforming    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Performance analysis and power allocation of mixed-ADC multi-cell millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems with antenna selection

Tao Zhou, Guichao Chen, Cheng-xiang Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Liu Liu, Yiqun Liang,taozhou@bjtu.edu.cn,17120045@bjtu.edu.cn,chxwang@seu.edu.cn,jiayizhang@bjtu.edu.cn,liuliu@bjtu.edu.cn,liangyiqun@139.com

Journal Article

Anon-stationary channelmodel for 5Gmassive MIMOsystems

Jian-qiao CHEN, Zhi ZHANG, Tian TANG, Yu-zhen HUANG

Journal Article

Interference coordination in full-duplex HetNet with large-scale antenna arrays

Zhao-yang ZHANG, Wei LYU

Journal Article

Diversity Glass Antennas for Tri-Band WiFi Applications

Peng Fei Hu, Kwok Wa Leung, Kwai Man Luk, Yong Mei Pan, Shao Yong Zheng

Journal Article

Zero ground clearance dual antenna pair for metal-cased fifth-generation multiple input multiple output smartphone

Le CHANG, Wenbao HE, Xiaomin CHEN, Xiaoxue TAN, Juan CHEN, Kai KANG, Yang YANG

Journal Article

5G evolution promoting innovation of antenna systems

Feng GAO, Peng GAO, Wen-tao ZHU, Chen-xi ZHANG, Xian-kun MENG, Run-hong SHAN

Journal Article

Adaptive tracking control of high-order MIMO nonlinear systems with prescribed performance

Xuerao Wang, Qingling Wang, Changyin Sun,wangxuerao@seu.edu.cn,qlwang@seu.edu.cn,cysun@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

Journal Article

Joint Modulations of Electromagnetic Waves and Digital Signals on A Single Metasurface Platform to Reach Programmable Wireless Communications

Xiang Wan, Chaokun Xiao, He Huang, Qiang Xiao, Wei Xu, Yueheng Li, Joerg Eisenbeis, Jiawei Wang, Ziai Huang, Qiang Cheng, Shi Jin, Thomas Zwick, Tiejun Cui

Journal Article

A 39 GHz Dual-Channel Transceiver Chipset With an Advanced LTCC Package for 5G Multi-Beam MIMO Systems

Yiming Yu,Zhilin Chen,Chenxi Zhao,Huihua Liu,Yunqiu Wu,Wen-Yan Yin,Kai Kang

Journal Article

Mutual coupling reduction of multiple antenna systems

Jia-yin GUO, Feng LIU, Guo-dong JING, Lu-yu ZHAO, Ying-zeng YIN, Guan-long HUANG

Journal Article

Ergodic secrecy capacity ofMRC/SC in single-inputmultiple-output wiretap systems with imperfect channel state information

Hui ZHAO, You-yu TAN, Gao-feng PAN, Yun-fei CHEN

Journal Article

Beam squint effect on high-throughput millimeter-wave communication with an ultra-massive phased array

Zhiqiang Wang, Jiawei Liu, Jun Wang, Guangrong Yue,wangzq@std.uestc.edu.cn,842927584@qq.com,junwang@uestc.edu.cn,yuegr@uestc.edu.cn

Journal Article

Prior information based channel estimation for millimeter-wave massive MIMO vehicular communications in 5G and beyond

Zhao Yi, Weixia Zou, Xuebin Sun,yz17tx@bupt.edu.cn,zwx0218@bupt.edu.cn

Journal Article

Beamforming techniques for massive MIMO systems in 5G: overview, classification, and trends for future research

Ehab ALI, Mahamod ISMAIL, Rosdiadee NORDIN, Nor Fadzilah ABDULAH

Journal Article