2023年 第25卷 第3期
《中国工程科学》 >> 2023年 第25卷 第3期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.007
海洋核动力装备国内外发展现况与前景展望
1. 上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院，上海 200240；
2. 中国海洋装备工程科技发展战略研究院，上海 200240；
3. 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司，上海 200240；
4. 上海市核电办公室，上海 200240；
5. 中国船舶集团有限公司 第701研究所，武汉 430000
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摘要
海洋核动力装备是解决深远海资源开发中持久动力能源供给、海洋领域“碳减排”等问题的重要支撑。我国作为核电 大国、海洋大国，虽然在核工业和海洋装备产业领域具有较好的优势基础，但在民用海洋核动力装备领域尚未实现“从零到 一”的突破。本文基于对国内外海洋核动力装备发展实践研究，总结了海洋核动力装备的优势特性和技术策源，分析了未来 海洋核动力装备发展的应用场景和主要趋势，厘清了我国发展海洋核动力装备的战略需求与问题，并提出了相关发展建议。 研究认为海洋核动力装备总体呈现由军用向民用拓展、由陆地向海洋拓展的发展趋势，技术策源以紧凑型和一体化压水堆为 主，装备类型近期将聚焦于海上浮动核电站和核动力破冰船。研究建议，通过顶层规划明确我国海洋核动力装备发展的重点 应用场景，通过建立示范工程形成与发展需求相匹配的法规标准和监管制度等措施，突破海洋堆系统建造和核动力平台总装 建造等方面的关键技术，推动海洋核动力装备高质量发展。
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