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《中国工程科学》 >> 2024年 第26卷 第2期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.02.015

铅基反应堆海洋核动力发展研究

1. 中子科学国际研究院,山东青岛 266199;

2. 山东大学核科学技术研究院,济南 250061;

3. 山东省中子科学技术重点实验室,山东青岛 266199;

4. 中子科学(重庆)研究院有限公司,重庆 401331;

5. 国科中子能(青岛)研究院有限公司,山东青岛 266041

资助项目 :崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202205200);山东省泰山学者工程项目(TSTP20231246) 收稿日期: 2024-01-31 修回日期: 2024-04-17 发布日期: 2024-04-25

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摘要

铅基反应堆(铅基堆)核动力具有固有安全、小型轻量、长寿高效等突出优点,在先进海洋装备、无人潜航器、深海空间站的能源动力上应用前景广阔;在加快建设海洋强国的背景下,保障海洋能源供给成为重要的基础条件,开展铅基堆海洋核动力发展研究是推动我国海洋装备能源动力技术革新的关键内容。本文总结了海洋核动力的应用场景与发展需求,从技术特征、代表性应用、研制现状等方面系统梳理了铅基堆核动力的发展概况,凝练和剖析了包括核燃料与包壳材料、一回路关键设备、冷却剂工艺与氧测控、先进发电技术在内的铅基堆海洋核动力关键技术。立足国情研判了铅基堆海洋核动力面临的发展挑战,提出了低温铅基堆海洋核动力、高温高效铅基堆海洋核动力、一体化全自然循环铅基堆海洋核动力等可行技术路线。研究建议,强化前瞻性配套专项技术研发、加快部署装备示范工程,将铅基堆纳入重大能源战略、加快建设标准体系,设置国家级联合研发机构、构建科技创新和产业发展新模式,更好服务国家海洋战略并推动海洋核动力跨越式发展。

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