新型通用离子交换膜的研究与实践
中国科学技术大学化学与材料学院,合肥 230026
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摘要
基于离子交换膜的电膜技术,由于其独特的离子传递特性,可以进行离子物系的分离分级,在清洁生产、节能减排、环境保护、能量转换等方面有着广泛的应用前景。然而,目前国内相关均相离子膜产品尚处于起步阶段,以日本为首的国家对我国进行相关技术封锁和价格垄断。正是基于这样的产业背景和现实意义,开发出新型的均相离子膜制备路线尤为重要。本课题组提出了一种简单而通用的侧链型离子化芳香族聚合物的合成方法,即“离子单体聚酰基化”均相离子交换膜制备路线,并通过ATRP法来设计离子交换膜的主链憎水、侧链亲水的接枝结构,通过对接枝密度和接枝长度进行调节,实现对膜性能的调控,以满足不同的应用过程对膜性能的要求。此种均相离子交换膜的制备工艺及产业化生产攻关,可以打破以日本为首的国家对我国离子膜产品的技术封锁,实现具有我国自主知识产权的离子膜技术的产业化。制备条件温和、制备工艺简单、快捷,而且整个过程没有传统方法中常用的季铵化或磺化步骤,有效地简化工艺和降低环境污染,可用于扩散渗析、普通电渗析以及双极膜电渗析过程对高性能离子交换膜材料的需求。该系列离子交换膜在特种废水处理、有机酸生产、氨基酸分离纯化、重金属废水处理等诸多领域得到了广泛的使用,均取得了较为满意的使用效果。
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