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Significant potential of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell systems for distributed power generation and carbon neutrality

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 879-882 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0850-8

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Improvement to observability measures of LFO modes in power systems with DFIGs

Shenghu LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 539-549 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0617-z

摘要： Observation of the low-frequency oscillation (LFO) modes in power systems is important to design the damping scheme. The state equations of the power system with the doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) are derived to find the LFO modes related to the synchronous generator (SGs) and the DFIGs. The definition of the observability measure is improved to consider the initial output and the attenuation speed of the modes. The sensitivities of the observability measures to the control parameters are derived. The numerical results from the small and large-disturbance validate the LFO modes caused by the DFIGs, and different observability measures are compared. Adjustment of the control parameters is chosen based on the sensitivity model to improve the observability and damping ratio of the LFO mode, and the stability of the wind power system.

关键词： wind power system     low-frequency oscillation (LFO)     observability measure     sensitivity     doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)    

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Transition towards carbon-neutral electrical systems for China: Challenges and perspectives

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 504-508 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0220-6

关键词： carbon neutrality     power systems     electrification     renewable energy    

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poverty and low carbon emissions: a comparative study of the feasibility of the hybrid renewable energy systemsincorporating combined heat and power technology

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 336-356 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0748-x

摘要： Fuel poverty is most prevalent in North East England with 14.4% of fuel poor households in Newcastle upon Tyne. The aim of this paper was to identify a grid connected renewable energy system coupled with natural gas reciprocating combined heat and power unit, that is cost-effective and technically feasible with a potential to generate a profit from selling energy excess to the grid to help alleviate fuel poverty. The system was also aimed at low carbon emissions. Fourteen models were designed and optimized with the aid of the HOMER Pro software. Models were compared with respect to their economic, technical, and environmental performance. A solution was proposed where restrictions were placed on the size of renewable energy components. This configuration consists of 150 kW CHP, 300 kW PV cells, and 30 kW wind turbines. The renewable fraction is 5.10% and the system yields a carbon saving of 7.9% in comparison with conventional systems. The initial capital investment is $1.24 million which enables the system to have grid sales of 582689 kWh/a. A conservative calculation determined that 40% of the sales can be used to reduce the energy cost of fuel poor households by $706 per annum. This solution has the potential to eliminate fuel poverty at the site analyzed.

关键词： greenhouse gas control     low carbon target     grid connected     renewable fraction     fuel poverty     combined heat and power     HOMER Pro    

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Cloud-integrated cyber–physical systems: Reliability, performance and power consumption with shared-servers

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0272-2

摘要： Cloud systems, which are typical cyber–physical systems, consist of physical nodes and virtualized facilities that collaborate to fulfill cloud computing services. The advent of virtualization technology engenders resource sharing and service parallelism in cloud services, introducing novel challenges to system modeling. In this study, we construct a systematic model that concurrently evaluates system reliability, performance, and power consumption (PC) while delineating cloud service disruptions arising from random hardware and software failures. Initially, we depict system states using a birth–death process that accommodates resource sharing and service parallelism. Given the relatively concise service duration and regular failure distributions, we employ transient-state transition probabilities instead of steady-state analysis. The birth–death process effectively links system reliability, performance, and PC through service durations governed by service assignment decisions and failure/repair distributions. Subsequently, we devise a multistage sample path randomization method to estimate system metrics and other factors related to service availability. The findings highlight that the trade-off between performance and PC, under the umbrella of reliability guarantees, hinges on the equilibrium between service duration and unit power. To further delve into the subject, we formulate optimization models for service assignment and juxtapose optimal decisions under varying availability scenarios, workload levels, and service attributes. Numerical results indicate that service parallelism can improve performance and conserve energy when the workload remains moderate. However, as the workload escalates, the repercussions of resource sharing-induced performance loss become more pronounced due to resource capacity limitations. In cases where system availability is constrained, resource sharing should be approached cautiously to ensure adherence to deadline requirements. This study theoretically analyzes the interrelations among system reliability, performance, and PC, offering valuable insights for making informed decisions in cloud service assignments.

关键词： cloud service modeling     transient downtime analysis     resource sharing     service parallelism    

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Novel power capture optimization based sensorless maximum power point tracking strategy and internalmodel controller for wind turbines systems driven SCIG

Ali EL YAAKOUBI,Kamal ATTARI,Adel ASSELMAN,Abdelouahed DJEBLI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 742-756 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0462-x

摘要： Under the trends to using renewable energy sources as alternatives to the traditional ones, it is important to contribute to the fast growing development of these sources by using powerful soft computing methods. In this context, this paper introduces a novel structure to optimize and control the energy produced from a variable speed wind turbine which is based on a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and connected to the grid. The optimization strategy of the harvested power from the wind is realized by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on fuzzy logic, and the control strategy of the generator is implemented by means of an internal model (IM) controller. Three IM controllers are incorporated in the vector control technique, as an alternative to the proportional integral (PI) controller, to implement the proposed optimization strategy. The MPPT in conjunction with the IM controller is proposed as an alternative to the traditional tip speed ratio (TSR) technique, to avoid any disturbance such as wind speed measurement and wind turbine (WT) characteristic uncertainties. Based on the simulation results of a six KW-WECS model in Matlab/Simulink, the presented control system topology is reliable and keeps the system operation around the desired response.

关键词： power optimization     wind energy conversion system     maximum power point tracking (MPPT)     fuzzy logic     internal model (IM) controller    

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Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexible loads in German medium voltage networks

Mark KUPRAT, Martin BENDIG, Klaus PFEIFFER

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 135-145 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0472-8

摘要： Germany’s energy transition triggered a rapid and unilateral growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity sector. With increasing shares of intermittent RES, overcapacities during periods of strong wind and photovoltaic electricity generation occur. In the face of insufficient transmission capacities, due to an inhibited network extension, the electricity generation has to be curtailed. This curtailment of RES leads to economic losses and could be avoided through flexible loads. As an option to cope with those problems, the technologies of power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-heat (PtH) are presented in this paper. First, the alkaline electrolyzer (AEL), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL), and solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) are investigated regarding their operational parameters. Second, the electric boiler, electrode heating boiler, and heat pumps are considered. Ultimately, the network-supporting abilities and the potential to provide ancillary services, such as control power, load sequence operation, cold start and part load capability, are compared among one another.

关键词： power-to-gas     power-to-heat     flexible loads     ancillary services     coherent energy systems    

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Power system reconfiguration and loss minimization for a distribution systems using “Catfish PSO” algorithm

K Sathish KUMAR,S NAVEEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0313-y

摘要： One of the very important ways to save electrical energy in the distribution system is network reconfiguration for loss reduction. Distribution networks are built as interconnected mesh networks; however, they are arranged to be radial in operation. The distribution feeder reconfiguration is to find a radial operating structure that optimizes network performance while satisfying operating constraints. The change in network configuration is performed by opening sectionalizing (normally closed) and closing tie (normally opened) switches of the network. These switches are changed in such a way that the radial structure of networks is maintained, all of the loads are energized, power loss is reduced, power quality is enhanced, and system security is increased. Distribution feeder reconfiguration is a complex nonlinear combinatorial problem since the status of the switches is non-differentiable. This paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm (EA) for solving the distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) problem for a 33-bus and a 16-bus sample network, which effectively ensures the loss minimization.

关键词： distribution system reconfiguration (DFR)     power loss reduction     catfish particle swarm optimization (catfish PSO)     radial structure    

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Overview of condition monitoring and operation control of electric power conversion systems in direct-drive

Shoudao HUANG, Xuan WU, Xiao LIU, Jian GAO, Yunze HE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 281-302 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0442-1

摘要：

Electric power conversion system (EPCS), which consists of a generator and power converter, is one of the most important subsystems in a direct-drive wind turbine (DD-WT). However, this component accounts for the most failures (approximately 60% of the total number) in the entire DD-WT system according to statistical data. To improve the reliability of EPCSs and reduce the operation and maintenance cost of DD-WTs, numerous researchers have studied condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnostics (FD). Numerous CM and FD techniques, which have respective advantages and disadvantages, have emerged. This paper provides an overview of the CM, FD, and operation control of EPCSs in DD-WTs under faults. After introducing the functional principle and structure of EPCS, this survey discusses the common failures in wind generators and power converters; briefly reviewed CM and FD methods and operation control of these generators and power converters under faults; and discussed the grid voltage faults related to EPCSs in DD-WTs. These theories and their related technical concepts are systematically discussed. Finally, predicted development trends are presented. The paper provides a valuable reference for developing service quality evaluation methods and fault operation control systems to achieve high-performance and high-intelligence DD-WTs.

关键词： direct-drive wind turbine     electric power conversion system     condition monitoring     fault diagnosis     operation control under faults     fault tolerance    

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Active-reactive power scheduling of integrated electricity-gas network with multi-microgrids

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 251-265 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0857-1

摘要： Advances in natural gas-fired technologies have deepened the coupling between electricity and gas networks, promoting the development of the integrated electricity-gas network (IEGN) and strengthening the interaction between the active-reactive power flow in the power distribution network (PDN) and the natural gas flow in the gas distribution network (GDN). This paper proposes a day-ahead active-reactive power scheduling model for the IEGN with multi-microgrids (MMGs) to minimize the total operating cost. Through the tight coupling relationship between the subsystems of the IEGN, the potentialities of the IEGN with MMGs toward multi-energy cooperative interaction is optimized. Important component models are elaborated in the PDN, GDN, and coupled MMGs. Besides, motivated by the non-negligible impact of the reactive power, optimal inverter dispatch (OID) is considered to optimize the active and reactive power capabilities of the inverters of distributed generators. Further, a second-order cone (SOC) relaxation technology is utilized to transform the proposed active-reactive power scheduling model into a convex optimization problem that the commercial solver can directly solve. A test system consisting of an IEEE-33 test system and a 7-node natural gas network is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling method. The results show that the proposed scheduling method can effectively reduce the power losses of the PDN in the IEGN by 9.86%, increase the flexibility of the joint operation of the subsystems of the IEGN, reduce the total operation costs by $32.20, and effectively enhance the operation economy of the IEGN.

关键词： combined cooling     heating     and power (CCHP)     integrated energy systems (IES)     natural gas     power distribution system     gas distribution system    

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Multi-time scale dynamics in power electronics-dominated power systems

Xiaoming YUAN, Jiabing HU, Shijie CHENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 303-311 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0428-z

摘要：

Electric power infrastructure has recently undergone a comprehensive transformation from electromagnetics to semiconductors. Such a development is attributed to the rapid growth of power electronic converter applications in the load side to realize energy conservation and on the supply side for renewable generations and power transmissions using high voltage direct current transmission. This transformation has altered the fundamental mechanism of power system dynamics, which demands the establishment of a new theory for power system control and protection. This paper presents thoughts on a theoretical framework for the coming semiconducting power systems.

关键词： power electronics     power systems     multi-time scale dynamics     mass-spring-damping model     self-stabilizing and en-stabilizing property     multi-time scale power system stabilizer    

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Development and advances in modular multilevel converter based HVDC projects in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 183-189 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0248-7

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关键词： high voltage direct current     power converter     power systems     renewable energy     ultra-high voltage    

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Potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for a rural community of Sokoto, North-west

O. D. OHIJEAGBON,Oluseyi. O AJAYI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 145-159 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0304-z

摘要： An assessment of the potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for an off-grid rural community of Sokoto, North-west Nigeria was conducted. A specific electric load profile was developed to suite the community consisting 200 homes, a school and a community health center. The data obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Department, Oshodi, Lagos (daily mean wind speeds, and daily global solar radiation for 24 years from 1987 to 2010) were used. An assessment of the design that will optimally meet the daily load demand with a loss of load probability (LOLP) of 0.01 was performed, considering 3 stand-alone applications of photovoltaic (PV), wind and diesel, and 3 hybrid designs of wind-PV, wind-diesel, and solar-diesel. The diesel standalone system (DSS) was taken as the basis of comparison as the experimental location has no connection to a distribution network. The HOMER® software optimizing tool was engaged following the feasibility analysis with the RETScreen software. The wind standalone system (WSS) was found to be the optimal means of producing renewable electricity in terms of life cycle cost as well as levelised cost of producing energy at $0.15/(kW·h). This is competitive with grid electricity, which is presently at a cost of approximately $0.09/(kW·h) and 410% better than the conventional DSS at a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.62/kWh. The WSS is proposed for communities around the study site.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV) power     wind power     solar-wind hybrid     cost per kilowatt-hour     clean energy    

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机器学习和数据驱动算法在智慧发电系统中的应用——一种不确定性处理的视角 Review

孙立, Fengqi You

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第9期   页码 1239-1247 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.020

摘要：

由于人们对气候变化和环境保护的日益关注，智慧发电已成为常规火力发电厂和可再生能源系统经济安全运行的关键。面对日益增长的系统规模及其各种不确定性，传统的基于模型的第一定律方法已难以满足系统控制的要求。机器学习（ML）和数据驱动控制（DDC）技术的蓬勃发展为这些传统方法提供了一种替代方案。本文回顾了机器学习和数据驱动控制技术在发电系统监测、控制、优化和故障检测方面的典型应用，特别着重于揭示这些方法在评价、消除或耐受相关不确定性影响方面的作用。本文为智慧发电控制技术提供了一个从调节层到规划层的总体视角，分别从可见性、机动性、灵活性、经济性和安全性（简称“五性”）方面对机器学习和数据驱动控制技术的优势进行阐释。最后，对未来研究和应用进行了展望。

关键词： 智慧发电     机器学习     数据驱动控制     系统工程    

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Analysis and control of wind-driven self-excited induction generators connected to the grid through power

S. Senthil KUMAR, N. KUMARESAN, N. Ammasai GOUNDEN, Namani RAKESH

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 403-412 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0208-8

摘要： The analysis of the wind-driven self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) connected to the grid through power converters has been developed in this paper. For this analysis, a method of representing the grid power as equivalent load resistance in the steady-state equivalent circuit of SEIG has been formulated. The technique of genetic algorithm (GA) has been adopted for making the analysis of the proposed system simple and straightforward. The control of SEIG is attempted by connecting an uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier (DBR) and a line commutated inverter (LCI) between the generator terminals and three-phase utility grid. A simple control technique for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in wind energy conversion systems (WECS), in which the firing angle of the LCI alone needs to be controlled by sensing the rotor speed of the generator has been proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method of MPPT and method of analysis of this wind-driven SEIG-converter system connected to the grid through power converters has been demonstrated by experiments and simulation. These experimental and simulated results confirm the usefulness and successful working of the proposed system and its analysis.

关键词： self-excited induction generator (SEIG)     renewable power generation     power converters     maximum power point tracking (MPPT)     steady state analysis     power generation systems    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Significant potential of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell systems for distributed power generation and carbon neutrality

期刊论文

Improvement to observability measures of LFO modes in power systems with DFIGs

Shenghu LI

期刊论文

Transition towards carbon-neutral electrical systems for China: Challenges and perspectives

期刊论文

poverty and low carbon emissions: a comparative study of the feasibility of the hybrid renewable energy systemsincorporating combined heat and power technology

期刊论文

Cloud-integrated cyber–physical systems: Reliability, performance and power consumption with shared-servers

期刊论文

Novel power capture optimization based sensorless maximum power point tracking strategy and internalmodel controller for wind turbines systems driven SCIG

Ali EL YAAKOUBI,Kamal ATTARI,Adel ASSELMAN,Abdelouahed DJEBLI

期刊论文

Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexible loads in German medium voltage networks

Mark KUPRAT, Martin BENDIG, Klaus PFEIFFER

期刊论文

Power system reconfiguration and loss minimization for a distribution systems using “Catfish PSO” algorithm

K Sathish KUMAR,S NAVEEN

期刊论文

Overview of condition monitoring and operation control of electric power conversion systems in direct-drive

Shoudao HUANG, Xuan WU, Xiao LIU, Jian GAO, Yunze HE

期刊论文

Active-reactive power scheduling of integrated electricity-gas network with multi-microgrids

期刊论文

Multi-time scale dynamics in power electronics-dominated power systems

Xiaoming YUAN, Jiabing HU, Shijie CHENG

期刊论文

Development and advances in modular multilevel converter based HVDC projects in China

期刊论文

Potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for a rural community of Sokoto, North-west

O. D. OHIJEAGBON,Oluseyi. O AJAYI

期刊论文

机器学习和数据驱动算法在智慧发电系统中的应用——一种不确定性处理的视角

孙立, Fengqi You

期刊论文

Analysis and control of wind-driven self-excited induction generators connected to the grid through power

S. Senthil KUMAR, N. KUMARESAN, N. Ammasai GOUNDEN, Namani RAKESH

期刊论文