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Regulatory issues for genetically modified animals
Perry Bradbury HACKETT
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期 页码 188-203 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019307
Precision genetics and breeding have the potential to meet the agricultural needs and goals of the world in the 21st century. These needs include increasing the efficiency of production of animals and improving their products with minimal impact on the environment. The USA is the major innovator in genomic science and the acknowledged leader in formulating policies to regulate genetic applications in medicine and agriculture. However, governments worldwide have been exceedingly reluctant to support the introduction of genetically modified (GM) animals into agriculture. Regulatory policies have stagnated due to legal guidelines that could not anticipate the needs and solutions that are evident today. This must change if we are to maintain planetary integrity. I propose a new, market-based regulatory model for GM livestock that has both a strong scientific foundation and has worked for 10000 years. The model is similar to that for information technology in which specific algorithms drive computer and cell phone applications. Genome engineers write genetic algorithms that drive the traits in biological organisms. Accordingly, GM products should be viewed in terms of their use and public benefit rather than by limitations to the genetic programing coming from a few highly vocal groups. Genetic algorithms (Genapps) of the 21st century will include not only introduction of synthetic genes, but also complete natural and synthetic biochemical pathways to produce agricultural products that are maximally efficient, healthy to humans and animals, and sustainable in an era of changing climates while avoiding environmental degradation.
Pest management with biopesticides
James N. SEIBER, Joel COATS, Stephen O. DUKE, Aaron D. GROSS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期 页码 295-300 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018238
Biopesticides are attracting interest as alternatives to conventional pesticides but without many of the non-target effects, promising a better record of safety and sustainability in pest control practices. In this article we summarize and discuss the current status and future promise of biopesticides, including how biopesticides use may increase the quality and safety of the food supply.
Jan Pieter VAN DER BERG, Gijs A. KLETER, Evy BATTAGLIA, Martien A. M. GROENEN, Esther J. KOK
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期 页码 136-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019306
Genetic modification techniques, in particular novel gene editing technologies, hold the yet unfulfilled promise of altering genetic traits in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding, allowing for a more rapid development of new cattle breeds with distinct traits. Gene editing technologies allow for the directed alteration of specific traits and thereby have the potential to enhance, for instance, disease resilience, production yield and the production of desired substances in milk. The potential implications of these technological advancements, which are often combined with animal cloning methods, are discussed both for animal health and for consumer safety, also with consideration of available methods for the detection and identification of the related products in the food supply chain. Finally, an overview is provided of current regulatory approaches in the European Union (EU) and major countries exporting beef to the EU, for products from animals bred through established practices as well as modern biotechnologies.
关键词： cattle food safety gene editing genetic modification GMO detection regulation
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Pest management with biopesticides
James N. SEIBER, Joel COATS, Stephen O. DUKE, Aaron D. GROSS
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