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A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 195-207 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017153

摘要： Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010. Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931, respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area, green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%, 40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore, irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.

关键词： agricultural production efficiency DEA model input redundancy irrigation districts Northwest Arid Areas in China

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西北旱区现代农业提质增效发展模式探究

邓铭江,王全九,陶汪海,王子天,曹晶晶

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第4期页码 59-72 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.016

摘要：

西北旱区是我国重要的土地资源储备基地，受水资源短缺、土地质量偏低等问题制约，实现农业高质量发展的难度较大，亟需探索集约高效的现代农业发展路径。本文系统分析了西北旱区农业发展的现状及面临的问题，构建了西北旱区现代农业提质增效理论框架。针对草原牧业区、农牧交错区、雨养农业区、灌溉农业区等区域的农业发展特征与功能定位，在优化配置农业自然资源、科技资源、经济资源、社会资源等基础上，本文重点分析了水土资源高效利用、农业种植结构调整与种植模式优化、农业生产精准管控技术创新、产业化与可持续发展等核心技术或方法，形成了具有区域鲜明特色的4 类模式，即饲草 – 绿肥作物生产为主的牧区现代生态农业发展模式、饲草 – 粮食 – 经济作物生产并重的农牧交错区生态农业发展模式、粮食 – 林果生产为主的雨养区生态农业发展模式和粮食 – 经济作物 – 林果生产为主的灌溉区现代生态农业发展模式，以此实现农业生产功能、生态功能、教研功能、休闲功能的拓展延伸。为推动西北旱区现代农业高质量发展，需优化农业功能分区，科学规划农业发展格局；健全生态农业补偿机制，创建绿色核算制度；促进产业融合，树立现代生态农业发展理念；构建现代生态农业发展的绿色科技创新与推广服务体系；培育农业农村人才，完善人才政策体系。

关键词：西北旱区；现代生态农业；水土资源；提质增效；理论框架；发展模式

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FOR USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2019270

摘要：

Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts— Mediterranean, semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production. The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change. Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems. Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casurinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress, and/or infertile to hostile soils. Central Anatolia, Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation. Therefore, species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia. Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature, eight species were identified as being of high (A. verticillata and C. pauper) to moderate (A. acutivalvis, A. decaisneana, A. dielsiana, A. huegeliana, C. cristata and C. obesa) priority for assessment, with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.

关键词： actinorrhizal trees / agroforestry / climate change / ecosystem restoration

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Rural houses with appropriate strategies in northwest China: a practice of ecological houses in Ningxia

Qun ZHANG, Rui LIANG, Jiaping LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 483-489 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0092-4

摘要： The severe problem of rural vernacular houses in northwest china is low thermal comfortableness with high consumption of energy in winter. Under such circumstance, the appropriate technologies that create comfortable living environment under the inclement local weather by low cost should be encouraged. In Ningxia Province, Jianfuqiao village, the ecological technologies are presented. By comparing with traditional buildings, the testing and thermal environment analysis verified the effectiveness of the passive used solar technologies.

关键词： rural houses ecological technology thermal environment northwest China

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中国干旱地区未来大气降水变化趋势分析

高庆先,徐影,任阵海

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第6期页码 36-43

摘要：

对我国的历史气候资料进行了分析，特别对我国华北地区的大气降水的时空分布进行了详细分析，在联合国政府间气候变化协调委员会（IPCC）推荐的若干个全球气候变化模式中选择了5个比较公认的模式，对我国未来（2030年）大气降水的变化趋势进行了初步分析，并总结了5个模型预测结果，对未来我国北方地区大气降水是否能缓解北方干旱给出了初步的判断。

关键词：大气降水气候变化气候模式水资源

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高寒地区混凝土井塔快速施工关键技术的研究

吴春杰,程正觉,国重宽,刘慧

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第11期页码 72-80

摘要：

在西北高寒地区钢筋混凝土井塔施工中，通过对桩基范围人工冻土的快速解冻技术和高寒地区冬期井塔快速施工成套技术的研究应用，确保了工程质量，加快了井塔桩基和冬期井塔主体的施工速度，缩短了井塔施工工期，解决了高寒地区煤矿建设周期长的施工技术瓶颈问题。

关键词：西北高寒地区钢筋混凝土井塔人工冻融土快速解冻冬期井塔冬期快速施工成套技术

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The ecological system and the regionalization of landscape reconstruction in northwest of China

Peicheng LI,Guoyuan DU,Qilei LI,Jinfeng WANG,Feimin ZHENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 291-298 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014033

摘要： The northwest of China is a vast area with abundant resources and significant potential for development. However, the ecological system is extremely vulnerable to damage and must be managed carefully. Thus, the Chinese government is strengthening research on improvement and reconstruction of the ecological system and landscape in northwest of China while moving forward with large-scale development in west China. The disadvantages and vulnerabilities in the northwest area in China are presented. It is suggested that the reconstruction of landscape should be conducted by step by step regionalization across the various ecological systems in the 3.04 million km northwest area of China. The first level regionalization results of reconstruction of landscape are discussed.

关键词： reconstruction of landscape ecological system the northwest area of China science and technology action

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我国西北地区水资源利用及保护问题研究

陈敏,黄政,陈卫杰

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 98-101

摘要：

在综述西北地区水资源状况和特征的基础上，分析现在西北地区水资源开发利用存在的问题，探讨西北地区水资源科学利用和管理的基本原则，以及西北水资源科学利用和管理的立法建议。

关键词：水资源西北地区立法建议

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北方旱区农田水肥效应分析

高亚军,李生秀

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第7期页码 74-79

摘要：

结合多年的田间试验研究，对前人诸多研究结果进行了总结和深入分析。结果表明：农田水肥效应大小与试验方法有关，田间试验与模拟试验得到的结论相反。主要原因在于研究中"水"的概念各不相同，从旱棚试验或盆栽试验的结果推断水肥效应与实际情况相距较大。多数情况下，养分亏缺仍是北方旱区作物增产的主要限制因子。灌水的效果取决于土壤底墒、生育期降水、土壤肥力及灌水时期等各种因素。在现有的水资源条件下，提高养分供应水平是北方旱区大部分农田作物增产的主要途径。加强夏闲期降水的蓄积、提高土壤底墒是冬麦区作物高产的重要条件。

关键词：水肥效应北方旱区田间试验模拟试验

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西部旱区寒区草类植物种质资源研究现状与发展机制

师尚礼

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第4期页码 81-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.016

摘要：

黄土高原、青藏高原、蒙新高原的干旱寒冷气候孕育了丰富的草类植物种质资源，形成了旱区寒区草类植物种质的天然资源库；积极开发旱区寒区草类植物种质资源，有利于提升种质创新与利用水平，更好支撑西部地区的草种业发展。本文分析了国内外草类植物种质资源的收集保护、研究利用现状，辨识了西部旱区寒区草类植物种质资源发展面临的主要问题；在论述开发利用优势条件的基础上，提出了西部旱区寒区草类植物种质资源开发利用的创新发展机制。研究建议，尽快将草类植物种质资源优势转化为学科优势和产业优势，驱动草类植物种质资源创新利用由认知层面转向行动层面，引导草类植物种质资源开发利用由分散发展转向系统化集成，构建草类植物种质创新发展的跟踪或超越机制。进一步提出了建设草类植物种质创新与利用科技园这一西部旱区寒区草类植物种质资源开发利用的务实举措，以尽快建成“西部种业之都”、西部种业创新高地。

关键词：西部旱区寒区；草类植物；种质资源；创新利用；种业

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西北地区水资源与食物安全可持续发展研究

王玉宝,刘显,史利洁,上官周平,吴普特,山仑,赵西宁

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 38-44 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.017

摘要：

西北地区光热土资源丰富，区域食物安全的可持续发展主要受限于其有限的水资源。本文以水足迹和虚拟水为分析工具，评估了西北地区作物生产用水效率、水资源压力和作物虚拟水输出情况。基于国际化绿色化背景，以及西北地区粮食生产及农业用水的预测结果，提出逐步减少区域农业用水总量，优化调整作物种植结构和实施丝路经济带虚拟水工程，以期为区域水资源合理利用和食物安全战略的制定提供参考。

关键词：西北地区食物安全水资源可持续发展

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中国航天的发展战略和重点领域

孙来燕

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第10期页码 6-12

摘要：

回顾了中国航天50年来取得的成就，总结了中国航天发展的经验及存在的差距；就国际航天的发展趋势，阐述了我国航天未来的发展战略及重点发展领域。

关键词：中国航天发展战略重点领域

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The Fast Road of Shale Gas Development in China —Reflections on Building a Special Test Areas for National

Da-wei Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 364-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015062

摘要： China’s shale gas development has had a good start. It is necessary that the developers take advantage of the opportunity to make further efforts to promote shale gas development in China, in particular by rolling out a comprehensive plan on a national level. The author makes a proposal to establish a special shale gas test area in and adjacent to the Sichuan Basin as the most important way to promote the rapid development of shale gas in China. For this purpose, the author analyzes the current situation and problems of shale gas development in China, addresses the necessity and feasibility of establishing a special test area for shale gas development, and draws up the scope of this shale gas special test area of about 450 thousand square kilometers, covering Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and part of Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei provinces, and proposes the establishment of a shale gas test area in China. This consists of an overall plan, targets, and contents in 10 aspects, along with organization and implementation modes. The shale gas exploration and development in the shale gas zones is promoted vigorously by introducing special policies and innovating exploration, development and utilization model. While at the same time, the shale gas zones of continental facies in the Ordos Basin and marine-terrigenous facies in South Hubei Basin will be established. The experiences of the reform in the shale gas zones will be the good practice for the reform of petroleum organization system.

关键词： China shale gas exploration and development reform special shale gas test area (shale gas zone)

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西北地区能源生产消费特征与发展路径研究

孙勇凯,罗西,王登甲,刘艳峰,刘加平

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 38-51 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.006

摘要：

西北地区能源资源富集，但存在着能源效率低下、能源结构失配等严峻问题；评估能源发展水平并针对性地设计能源发展路径，对保障西北地区能源安全、提升发展质量具有重要价值。本文从西北地区发展实际出发，深入剖析了区域的能源生产消费水平特征，明晰了能源发展面临的突出问题；综合采用灰色预测方法、多元回归方法预测了2023—2030年的能源发展水平，据此完成了西北地区能源发展路径设计。研究表明，近年来西北地区的能源结构不断优化，可再生能源生产消费水平持续上升，但生产消费比例仍然远低于传统能源，经济、产业、技术问题对能源发展的影响不容忽视。为此建议，以传统能源与新能源相互融合为发展方向，采取持续推进供给革命、消费革命、技术革命、体制革命、交流合作等发展途径，按照多主体协同方式，实施总体能源发展的行动方案，通过能源转型实现西北地区绿色更新发展。

关键词：西北地区；能源规划；能源生产消费；可再生能源；绿色更新发展

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近三十年来中国城市土壤有机碳变化对实现碳中和的启示

张真瑞, 夏星辉, 杨志峰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第28卷第9期页码 11-15 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.014

关键词： China city areas THE AUTHORS.Published behalf Company Engineering Education Press Academy carbon changes decades: Implications