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Raising Standards of Engineering Ethics through Student Teams

Wei Dong,Hu Cheng,Yuan Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 402-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014047

摘要： Reducing the frequency of engineering accidents is a “people’s responsibility.” Increased attention to engineering ethics is inevitable. Engineering ethics are a stance, attitude or outlook, not easily learned by lectures. This article explores the utility of student teamwork by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and acknowledging the benefits of professional knowledge and professional ethics possessed by the professional teachers, under professional teacher guidance, in order to improve levels of engineering education ethics. There are 5 key points: ① team member recruitment standards; ② team size; ③ team name and motto; ④ team group activities; ⑤ extending the spirit into the post-graduate period.

关键词： engineering ethic professional teachers students’ team engineering management

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面向中国实践的工程管理伦理研究

方东平 ,李文琪 ,张恒力 ,刘合

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.023

摘要：

新时期中国工程实践面临更加尖锐复杂的时代性伦理问题，而当前工程管理伦理水平滞后于工程建设的发展要求，成为阻碍伦理问题有效解决的重要因素，不利于我国工程向好、向善、高质量发展。为此，在理论分析、案例调研和专家研讨的基础上，本文结合工程管理者在我国工程实践中的重要地位，分析了围绕工程师展开的工程伦理在我国实践中的不完全适用性，阐述了转变核心伦理主体、开展工程管理伦理研究的必要趋向，凝练了工程管理伦理微观、中观、宏观3 个层次的内涵，探讨了工程对社会与环境的负面影响及相应伦理问题的成因，呈现了工程演化视角下工程管理伦理问题的动态性与发展性，提出了工程管理者在实践中应遵循的五项基本伦理原则。为推动我国工程管理伦理建设，研究建议，通过工程管理伦理教育培训，培育和激励工程管理者增强伦理意识，积极承担伦理责任，提升道德能力，涵育伦理领导力，发挥伦理智慧；推广与应用工程管理伦理指南，指导工程全生命周期中伦理问题的解决，从而推动社会整体伦理环境的改善。

关键词：工程管理伦理；工程向善；管理伦理指南；伦理领导力；伦理智慧

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工程共同体视角下的工程伦理学研究

王进

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第11期页码 97-102

摘要：

微观工程伦理学着重关注工程师个人的责任伦理和职业伦理，科技进步的日新月异助推工程创造与社会发展间的双螺旋上升更加广泛快捷，同时工程对人类和自然的影响却呈现脱缰之势，从工程共同体的群体视角“全景式”地建构宏观工程伦理学势在必行。这一宏观转向涵盖4 个方面的内容：工程整体与社会的关系，工程师在更广阔社会语境下的职业责任，工程决策在社会政治层面的影响以及工程在为子孙后代提供优质永续环境方面所做的努力。这有助于工程师更好地践行“利用其知识和技能促进人类福利”的伦理准则，并使工程能同时满足人类对“近用”的期待和对“远用”的关怀。

关键词：工程伦理学工程共同体宏观微观

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开展工程伦理学研究增强工程师责任意识

李世新

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第2期页码 88-93

摘要：

工程伦理学是20世纪后期兴起的一门交叉学科。文章首先分析了把技术开发与技术使用分开，从而回避工程师责任的做法，进而剖析了认为工程是科学的应用和工程是实现社会价值的简单工具等观点，指出工程与伦理密切相关，工程师应当增强责任意识。

关键词：工程工程伦理学工程师责任

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The unregulated commercialization of stem cell treatments: a global perspective

Douglas Sipp

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 348-355 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0150-x

摘要： Research into the biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells has spurred strong public investment, industry development, media coverage, and patient interest in recent years. To date, however, few clinical applications of demonstrated safety and efficacy have been developed with the exception of uses of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of diseases of the blood and immune systems. This lack of an evidence basis notwithstanding, hundreds of companies and private clinics around the world now sell putative stem cell treatments for an enormously broad range of medical and quality-of-life conditions. This represents a major challenge for legitimate scientists working in the field, for authorities seeking to protect their constituencies, and for patients and consumers targeted by such companies’ marketing strategies. In this review, I provide an overview of the global industry in pseudomedical stem cell treatments, with an investigation of claims in a single disease area (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and make recommendations for the introduction and enforcement of appropriate regulatory responses to this problem.

关键词： stem cell tourism medical ethics stem cell policy and regulation alternative medicine

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我国人工智能伦理监管需求分析及对策研究

刘露,杨晓雷,高文

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 106-112 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.006

摘要：

人工智能（ AI）产业高速发展，伴生了多种社会伦理风险，且相关后果已经逐步显现；让人类在充分安全的条件下享用智能技术带来的有利收益，成为 AI 监管过程的重要任务。本文从 AI 伦理焦点问题着手，对智能技术的机器权利与人权分配、社会信任危机、数据及算法安全性、确权与责任归属等已经出现的风险问题进行细致梳理；总结了国内外 AI 产业的发展路径和政策现状，据此多维度开展我国 AI 领域伦理监管的需求分析。研究认为，应根据 AI 技术进展，分阶段延伸 AI 治理的监管范围；建立伦理、法律、政策相结合的多维度监管框架，提供相对充分的社会言论空间，确保各利益相关方参与 AI 安全公共讨论；有序完善多层级的科技伦理监管组织机构，积极参与 AI 国际规则制定，为我国 AI 产业的全球化发展机遇创造良好条件。

关键词：人工智能治理架构伦理监管伦理委员会

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Discussion of solutions to ethical issues in real-world study

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 316-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0354-y

摘要：

In recent years, the paradigm of real-world study (RWS) has been at the forefront of clinical research worldwide, particularly in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, basic features and nature of real-world clinical studies are discussed, and ethical issues in different stages of RWS are raised and reviewed. Moreover, some preliminary solutions to these issues, such as protecting subjects during the process of RWS and performing ethical review, are presented based on recent practices and basic ethical rules to improve the scientific validity and ethical level of RWS.

关键词： real-world study ethics strategy

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The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects

Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 348-352 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014048

摘要： In 2011, water conservation projects construction in China entered a stage of rapid growth. In February 2013 three dam safety accidents occurred due to improper participant subject behaviors. Improving security and risk management of water conservation projects is therefore considered as imminent. It is urgent to research the risks of the participant subject behaviors. This article takes each participating subject in the whole life-cycle of water conservation projects as the research object, analyzes the risk behaviors and risk evolution processes, dissects the cause of the risks of the participating subject behaviors on the basis of the theory of risk effect, and puts forward that reinforcing the penalties, improving criminal cost and strengthening the engineering ethics education is an effective way to solve safety problems of the current projects.

关键词： water conservation projects subject behavior safety accident risk effect engineering ethics