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Secondary transfer length and residual prestress of fractured strand in post-tensioned concrete beams

Lizhao DAI; Wengang XU; Lei WANG; Shanchang YI; Wen CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 388-400 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0809-1

摘要： An experimental study is performed on five post-tensioned concrete beams to explore the effects of different fracture positions on secondary transfer length and residual prestress of fractured strand. A numerical model is developed and used to predict the secondary transfer length and residual prestress of fractured strand in post-tensioned concrete beams. The model change interaction, which can deactivate and reactivate the elements for simulating the removal and reproduction of parts of the model, is used to reproduce the secondary anchorage of fractured strand. The numerical model is verified by experimental results. Results shows that the fractured strand can be re-anchored in concrete through the secondary anchorage, and the secondary transfer length of fractured strand with the diameter of 15.2 mm is 1133 mm. The residual prestress of fractured strand increases gradually in the secondary transfer length, and tends to be a constant beyond it. When the fractured strand is fully anchored in concrete, a minor prestress loss will appear, and the average prestress loss is 2.28% in the present study.

关键词： post-tensioned concrete beams     strand fracture     secondary transfer length     residual prestress    

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Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 649-674 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1018-6

摘要： Minimal residual disease (MRD) is termed as the small numbers of remnant tumor cells in a subset of patients with tumors. Liquid biopsy is increasingly used for the detection of MRD, illustrating the potential of MRD detection to provide more accurate management for cancer patients. As new techniques and algorithms have enhanced the performance of MRD detection, the approach is becoming more widely and routinely used to predict the prognosis and monitor the relapse of cancer patients. In fact, MRD detection has been shown to achieve better performance than imaging methods. On this basis, rigorous investigation of MRD detection as an integral method for guiding clinical treatment has made important advances. This review summarizes the development of MRD biomarkers, techniques, and strategies for the detection of cancer, and emphasizes the application of MRD detection in solid tumors, particularly for the guidance of clinical treatment.

关键词： MRD     solid tumor     CTC     ctDNA    

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The formation mechanism and the influence factor of residual stress in machining

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第9卷 第3期   页码 265-269 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0311-0

摘要：

Residual stresses generated in cutting process have important influences on workpiece performance. The paper presents a method of theoretical analysis in order to explicate the formation mechanism of residual stresses in cutting. An important conclusion is drawn that the accumulated plastic strain is the main factor which determines the nature and the magnitude of surface residual stresses in the workpiece. On the basis of the analytical model for residual stress, a series of simulations for residual stress prediction during cutting AISI 1045 steel are implemented in order to obtain the influences of cutting speed, depth of cut and tool edge radius on surface residual stress in the workpiece. And these influences are explained from the perspective of formation mechanism of residual stress in cutting. The conclusions have good applicability and can be used to guide the parameters selection in actual production.

关键词： residual stress     analytical model     strain     plastic     cutting parameter    

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Experiment and optimal design of a collection device for a residual plastic film baler

Qi NIU,Xuegeng CHEN,Chao JI,Jie WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 347-354 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015077

摘要： It is imperative to carry out research on residual plastic film collection technology to solve the serious problem of farmland pollution. The residual plastic film baler was designed as a package for film strip collection, cleaning and baling. The collection device is a core component of the baler. Response surface analysis was used in this study to optimize the structure and working parameters for improving the collection efficiency of residual film and the impurity of film package. The results show that the factors affecting the collection rate of residual film and the impurity of the film package are the speed ratio ( ) between the trash removal roller and eccentric collection mechanism, the number ( ) and the mounting angle ( ) of spring teeth in the same revolution plane. For the collection rate, the importance of the three factors are in the order, . Meanwhile, for the impurity, the importance of three factors are in the order, . When the speed ratio, the mounting angle and the number of spring teeth was set at 1.6°, 45°, and 8°, respectively, the collection rate of residual film was 88.9% and the impurity of residual film package was 14.2% for the baler.

关键词： residual film     collection device     collection rate of residual film     impurity of film package     optimization     baler    

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Improved analytical model for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第9卷 第3期   页码 249-256 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0310-1

摘要：

The analytical model of residual stress in orthogonal cutting proposed by Jiann is an important tool for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting. In application of the model, a problem of low precision of the surface residual stress prediction is found. By theoretical analysis, several shortages of Jiann’s model are picked out, including: inappropriate boundary conditions, unreasonable calculation method of thermal stress, ignorance of stress constraint and cyclic loading algorithm. These shortages may directly lead to the low precision of the surface residual stress prediction. To eliminate these shortages and make the prediction more accurate, an improved model is proposed. In this model, a new contact boundary condition between tool and workpiece is used to make it in accord with the real cutting process; an improved calculation method of thermal stress is adopted; a stress constraint is added according to the volume-constancy of plastic deformation; and the accumulative effect of the stresses during cyclic loading is considered. At last, an experiment for measuring residual stress in cutting AISI 1045 steel is conducted. Also, Jiann’s model and the improved model are simulated under the same conditions with cutting experiment. The comparisons show that the surface residual stresses predicted by the improved model is closer to the experimental results than the results predicted by Jiann’s model.

关键词： residual stress     analytical model     orthogonal cutting     cutting force     cutting temperature    

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Influence of welding residual stresses on the ductile crack growth resistance of circumferentially cracked

Xiaobo REN, Odd M. AKSELSEN, B?rd NYHUS, Zhiliang ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 217-223 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0169-3

摘要： Welding residual stress is one of the main concerns for fabrication and operation of steel structures due to its potential effect on structural integrity. This paper focuses on the effect of welding residual stress on the ductile crack growth resistance of circumferentially cracked steel pipes. Two-dimensional axi-symmetry model has been used to simulate the pipe. Residual stresses were introduced into the model by using so-called eigenstrain method. The complete Gurson model has been employed to calculate the ductile crack growth resistance. Results show that residual stresses reduce the ductile crack growth resistance. However, the effect of residual stresses on ductile crack growth resistance decreases with the increase of crack growth. The effect of residual stress has also been investigated for cases with different initial void volume fraction, material hardening and crack sizes.

关键词： residual stress     ductile crack growth resistance     complete Gurson model     eigenstrain method    

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An improved algorithm for McDowell’s analytical model of residual stress

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第9卷 第2期   页码 150-155 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0295-9

摘要：

The analytical model for two-dimensional elastoplastic rolling/sliding contact proposed by McDowell is an important tool for predicting residual stress in rolling/sliding processes. In application of the model, a problem of low predicting precision near the surface layer of the component is found. According to the volume-constancy of plastic deformation, an improved algorithm for McDowell’s model is proposed in order to improve its predicting accuracy of the surface residual stress. In the algorithm, a relationship between three normal stresses perpendicular to each other at any point within the component is derived, and the relationship is applied to McDowell’s model. Meanwhile, an unnecessary hypothesis proposed by McDowell can be eliminated to make the model more reasonable. The simulation results show that the surface residual stress predicted by modified method is much closer to the FEM results than the results predicted by McDowell’s model under the same simulation conditions.

关键词： residual stress     McDowell’s model     volume-constancy of plastic deformation     FEM     elastoplastic rolling/sliding contact    

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Bayes estimation of residual life by fusing multisource information

Qian ZHAO, Xiang JIA, Zhi-jun CHENG, Bo GUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第4期   页码 524-532 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018034

摘要：

Residual life estimation is essential for reliability engineering. Traditional methods may experience difficulties in estimating the residual life of products with high reliability, long life, and small sample. The Bayes model provides a feasible solution and can be a useful tool for fusing multisource information. In this study, a Bayes model is proposed to estimate the residual life of products by fusing expert knowledge, degradation data, and lifetime data. The linear Wiener process is used to model degradation data, whereas lifetime data are described via the inverse Gaussian distribution. Therefore, the joint maximum likelihood (ML) function can be obtained by combining lifetime and degradation data. Expert knowledge is used according to the maximum entropy method to determine the prior distributions of parameters, thereby making this work different from existing studies that use non-informative prior. The discussion and analysis of different types of expert knowledge also distinguish our research from others. Expert knowledge can be classified into three categories according to practical engineering. Methods for determining prior distribution by using the aforementioned three types of data are presented. The Markov chain Monte Carlo is applied to obtain samples of the parameters and to estimate the residual life of products due to the complexity of the joint ML function and the posterior distribution of parameters. Finally, a numerical example is presented. The effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method are validated by comparing it with residual life estimation that uses non-informative prior. Then, its accuracy and correctness are proven via simulation experiments.

关键词： residual life estimation     Bayes model     linear Wiener process    

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Multiscale model of micro curing residual stress evolution in carbon fiber-reinforced thermoset polymer

Xinyu HUI, Yingjie XU, Weihong ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第15卷 第3期   页码 475-483 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0590-6

摘要： In this study, the micro curing residual stresses of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoset polymer (CFRP) composites are evaluated using a multiscale modeling method. A thermochemical coupling model is developed at the macroscale level to obtain the distributions of temperature and degree of cure. Meanwhile, a representative volume element model of the composites is established at the microscale level. By introducing the information from the macroscale perspective, the curing residual stresses are calculated using the microscale model. The evolution of curing residual stresses reveals the interaction mechanism of fiber, matrix, and interphase period during the curing process. Results show that the curing residual stresses mostly present a tensile state in the matrix and a compressive state in the fiber. Furthermore, the curing residual stresses at different locations in the composites are calculated and discussed. Simulation results provide an important guideline for the analysis and design of CFRP composite structures.

关键词： CFRP     curing residual stress     multiscale modeling     finite element method    

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Effects of humic acid on residual Al control in drinking water treatment plants with orthophosphate addition

Wendong WANG, Hua LI, Zhenzhen DING, Xiaochang WANG, Rui LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 470-476 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0422-y

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) on residual Al control in drinking water facilities that used orthophosphate addition. The results showed that adding orthophosphate was an effective method for residual Al control for the raw water without HA. When orthophosphate was added at 1.0 min before the addition of poly aluminum chloride (PACl), the concentrations of soluble aluminum (Sol-Al) and total aluminum (Tot-Al) residue were 0.08 and 0.086 mg·L , respectively; both were reduced by 46% compared with the control experiment. The presence of HA would notably increase the residual Al concentration. For the raw water with 5 mg·L of HA, the concentrations of Sol-Al and Tot-Al increased from 0.136 and 0.174 mg·L to 0.172 and 0.272 mg·L , respectively. For water with a HA concentration above 5 mg·L , orthophosphate was ineffective in the control of residual Al, though there were still parts of orthophosphate were removed in coagulation. The amounts of Al removal were positively correlated with the solids freshly formed in coagulation. Similar to the raw water without HA, the best Al control was obtained with orthophosphate salt added at 1.0 min before PACl. HA concentrations in the raw water, solution pH, and the orthophosphate dosage suitable for residual Al control by orthophosphate precipitation were also investigated.

关键词： coagulation     drinking water     humic acid     orthophosphate     residual Al    

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Residual stresses in coating-based systems, part I: Mechanisms and analytical modeling

ZHANG Xiancheng, WU Yixiong, XU Binshi, WANG Haidou

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第1期   页码 1-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0001-2

摘要： Thin films and multi-layered coatings comprised of different classes of materials are often used for various functional devices. The thermo-mechanical integrity of these systems is becoming a major concern and is strongly related to the residual stresses because of the fabrication processes. In this paper, the sources of the residual stresses in the coating-based systems and the concept of misfit strain were briefly reviewed. Analytical models were developed to predict the residual stresses in multi-layered film structures or coating-based systems using the force and moment balances. In addition, the residual stress distributions in the func tionally and compositionally graded coatings were also analyzed.

关键词： briefly     different     thermo-mechanical integrity     addition     residual    

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impact analysis and multi-objective optimization design of Mg/Al assembled wheel considering riveting residual

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0701-7

摘要： The multi-material assembled light alloy wheel presents an effective lightweight solution for new energy vehicles, but its riveting connection remains a problem. To address this problem, this paper proposed the explicit riveting-implicit springback-implicit fatigue/explicit impact sequence coupling simulation analysis method, analyzed the fatigue and impact performance of the punching riveting connected magnesium/aluminum alloy (Mg/Al) assembled wheel, and constructed some major evaluation indicators. The accuracy of the proposed simulation method was verified by conducting physical experiments of single and cross lap joints. The punching riveting process parameters of the assembled wheel joints were defined as design variables, and the fatigue and impact performance of the assembled wheel was defined as the optimization objective. The connection-performance integration multi-objective optimization design of the assembled wheel considering riveting residual stress was designed via Taguchi experiment, grey relational analysis, analytic hierarchy process, principal component analysis, and entropy weighting methods. The optimization results of the three weighting methods were compared, and the optimal combination of design variables was determined. The fatigue and impact performance of the Mg/Al assembled wheel were effectively improved after optimization.

关键词： magnesium/aluminum assembled wheel     riveting residual stress     fatigue analysis     impact analysis     multi-objective optimization    

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Treatment, residual chlorine and season as factors affecting variability of trihalomethanes in small

Roberta DYCK,Geneviève COOL,Manuel RODRIGUEZ,Rehan SADIQ

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 171-179 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0750-1

摘要： Seasonal variability in source water can lead to challenges for drinking water providers related to operational optimization and process control in treatment facilities. The objective of this study is to investigate seasonal variability of water quality in municipal small water systems (<3000 residents) supplied by surface waters. Residual chlorine and trihalomethanes (THM) were measured over seven years (2003–2009). Comparisons are made within each system over time, as well as between systems according to the type of their treatment technologies. THM concentrations are generally higher in the summer and autumn. The seasonal variability was generally more pronounced in systems using chlorination plus additional treatment. Chloroform, total THM (TTHM) and residual chlorine concentrations were generally lower in systems using chlorination plus additional treatment. Conversely, brominated THM concentrations were higher in systems using additional treatment. Residual chlorine was highest in the winter and lowest in the spring and summer. Seasonal variations were most pronounced for residual chlorine in systems with additional treatment. There was generally poor correlation between THM concentrations and concentrations of residual chlorine. Further study with these data will be beneficial in finding determinants and indicators for both quantity and variability of disinfection byproducts and other water quality parameters.

关键词： drinking water     residual chlorine     seasonal variability     small municipal systems     treatment technologies     trihalomethanes    

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decouple the contributions of friction and plastic deformation to machined surface temperatures and residual

Subhash ANURAG, Yuebin GUO,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第3期   页码 247-255 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0097-7

摘要： Temperature on the machined surface is critical for surface integrity and the performance of a precision component. However, the temperature of a machined surface is challenging for in-situ measurement. Furthermore, the individual contribution of tool/work friction and plastic deformation of work materials to surface temperature is very difficult to quantify because the measured temperature is always the resultant temperature. This lack of understanding on the temperature distribution blocks the design of effective cutting tool geometries and materials to minimize surface temperature. This study provides a finite element method based on a predictive model to decouple the contributions of tool/work friction and material plastic deformation to surface temperature in a dry cutting process. The study shows that the plastic deformation of work material contributes to the majority of surface temperature, whereas the tool/work friction contribution is secondary. High temperatures are produced when more materials are plowed under the cutting edge. A large tool/work friction leads to higher surface temperatures, and the use of a cutting tool with physical properties in process simulation significantly improves the accuracy of predicted surface temperatures. Residual stress reversal from subsurface maximum residual to surface maximum residual stress may occur when tool/work friction increases.

关键词： surface temperature     friction     residual stress     finite element analysis (FEA)     dry cutting     tool property    

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Ethanol production from sweet sorghum residual

BAN Jingyang, YU Jianliang, ZHANG Xu, TAN Tianwei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 452-455 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0072-6

摘要： In this work, the ethanol production from sweet sorghum residue was studied. Sweet sorghum residue was hydrolyzed with phosphoric acid under mild conditions. The liquid hydrolysate was fermented by , and the hydrolysis residue was fermented by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using with cellulase (60 FPU/g dry materials). Orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of main reaction condition factors, such as temperature, acid concentration, time and dry-matter content, on the reducing sugar yield. The results show that the optimal reaction conditions should be 120°C, 80 g/L, 80 min and 10%, respectively. Under these conditions, 0.3024 g reducing sugar/g dry material was obtained. The liquid hydrolysate was then fermented by with the highest ethanol concentration of 14.5 g/L. At a water-insoluble solid concentration of 5%, 5.4 g/L ethanol was obtained after 12 h of SSF. The total ethanol yield was 0.147 g/g dry material, which would be beneficial for the application of ethanol production from sweet sorghum residue.

关键词： application     material     optimal reaction     reaction condition     temperature    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Secondary transfer length and residual prestress of fractured strand in post-tensioned concrete beams

Lizhao DAI; Wengang XU; Lei WANG; Shanchang YI; Wen CHEN

期刊论文

Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview

期刊论文

The formation mechanism and the influence factor of residual stress in machining

null

期刊论文

Experiment and optimal design of a collection device for a residual plastic film baler

Qi NIU,Xuegeng CHEN,Chao JI,Jie WU

期刊论文

Improved analytical model for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting

null

期刊论文

Influence of welding residual stresses on the ductile crack growth resistance of circumferentially cracked

Xiaobo REN, Odd M. AKSELSEN, B?rd NYHUS, Zhiliang ZHANG

期刊论文

An improved algorithm for McDowell’s analytical model of residual stress

null

期刊论文

Bayes estimation of residual life by fusing multisource information

Qian ZHAO, Xiang JIA, Zhi-jun CHENG, Bo GUO

期刊论文

Multiscale model of micro curing residual stress evolution in carbon fiber-reinforced thermoset polymer

Xinyu HUI, Yingjie XU, Weihong ZHANG

期刊论文

Effects of humic acid on residual Al control in drinking water treatment plants with orthophosphate addition

Wendong WANG, Hua LI, Zhenzhen DING, Xiaochang WANG, Rui LIU

期刊论文

Residual stresses in coating-based systems, part I: Mechanisms and analytical modeling

ZHANG Xiancheng, WU Yixiong, XU Binshi, WANG Haidou

期刊论文

impact analysis and multi-objective optimization design of Mg/Al assembled wheel considering riveting residual

期刊论文

Treatment, residual chlorine and season as factors affecting variability of trihalomethanes in small

Roberta DYCK,Geneviève COOL,Manuel RODRIGUEZ,Rehan SADIQ

期刊论文

decouple the contributions of friction and plastic deformation to machined surface temperatures and residual

Subhash ANURAG, Yuebin GUO,

期刊论文

Ethanol production from sweet sorghum residual

BAN Jingyang, YU Jianliang, ZHANG Xu, TAN Tianwei

期刊论文