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水下隧道 7

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Hard-rock tunnel lithology identification using multi-scale dilated convolutional attention network basedon tunnel face images

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1796-1812 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0002-1

摘要： For real-time classification of rock-masses in hard-rock tunnels, quick determination of the rock lithology on the tunnel face during construction is essential. Motivated by current breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology in machine vision, a new automatic detection approach for classifying tunnel lithology based on tunnel face images was developed. The method benefits from residual learning for training a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), and a multi-scale dilated convolutional attention block is proposed. The block with different dilation rates can provide various receptive fields, and thus it can extract multi-scale features. Moreover, the attention mechanism is utilized to select the salient features adaptively and further improve the performance of the model. In this study, an initial image data set made up of photographs of tunnel faces consisting of basalt, granite, siltstone, and tuff was first collected. After classifying and enhancing the training, validation, and testing data sets, a new image data set was generated. A comparison of the experimental findings demonstrated that the suggested approach outperforms previous classifiers in terms of various indicators, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and computing time. Finally, a visualization analysis was performed to explain the process of the network in the classification of tunnel lithology through feature extraction. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using artificial intelligence methods for in situ rock lithology classification utilizing geological images of the tunnel face.

关键词： hard-rock tunnel face     intelligent lithology identification     multi-scale dilated convolutional attention network     image classification     deep learning    

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Effect of cutterhead configuration on tunnel face stability during shield machine maintenance outages

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 522-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0930-9

摘要： Owing to long-distance advancement or obstacles, shield tunneling machines are typically shut down for maintenance. Engineering safety during maintenance outages is determined by the stability of the tunnel face. Pressure maintenance openings are typically used under complicated hydrogeological conditions. The tunnel face is supported by a medium at the bottom of the excavation chamber and compressed air at the top. Owing to the high risk of face failure, the necessity of support pressure when cutterhead support is implemented and a method for determining the value of compressed air pressure using different support ratios must to be determined. In this study, a non-fully chamber supported rotational failure model considering cutterhead support is developed based on the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis. Numerical simulation is conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The results indicate that appropriately increasing the specific gravity of the supporting medium can reduce the risk of collapse. The required compressed air pressure increases significantly as the support ratio decreases. Disregarding the supporting effect of the cutterhead will result in a tunnel face with underestimated stability. To satisfy the requirement of chamber openings at atmospheric pressure, the stratum reinforcement strength and range at the shield end are provided based on different cutterhead aperture ratios.

关键词： tunnel face stability     cutterhead configuration     aperture ratio     pressure gradient     support ratio    

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土质隧道深浅埋界定方法研究

赵占厂,谢永利

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第10期   页码 84-86

摘要：

针对现有隧道深浅埋界定方法存在的问题，结合现场测试和数值仿真结果，明确了应从围岩压力性质角度进行深浅埋界定。首次提出了以数值仿真技术为手段，利用拱上中心线土体侧压力系数变化规律为依据进行深浅埋界定的思路，并用2个工程实例进行了验证，新方法对土质隧道衬砌设计和施工有重大意义。

关键词： 土质隧道     深埋和浅埋     界定方法    

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Discontinuous mechanical behaviors of existing shield tunnel with stiffness reduction at longitudinal

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 37-52 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0920-3

摘要： An analytical model is proposed to estimate the discontinuous mechanical behavior of an existing shield tunnel above a new tunnel. The existing shield tunnel is regarded as a Timoshenko beam with longitudinal joints. The opening and relative dislocation of the longitudinal joints can be calculated using Dirac delta functions. Compared with other approaches, our method yields results that are consistent with centrifugation test data. The effects of the stiffness reduction at the longitudinal joints (α and β), the shearing stiffness of the Timoshenko beam GA, and different additional pressure profiles on the responses of the shield tunnel are investigated. The results indicate that our proposed method is suitable for simulating the discontinuous mechanical behaviors of existing shield tunnels with longitudinal joints. The deformation and internal forces decrease as α, β, and GA increase. The bending moment and shear force are discontinuous despite slight discontinuities in the deflection, opening, and dislocation. The deflection curve is consistent with the additional pressure profile. Extensive opening, dislocation, and internal forces are induced at the location of mutation pressures. In addition, the joints allow rigid structures to behave flexibly in general, as well as allow flexible structures to exhibit locally rigid characteristics. Owing to the discontinuous characteristics, the internal forces and their abrupt changes at vulnerable sections must be monitored to ensure the structural safety of existing shield tunnels.

关键词： tunnel–soil interaction     discontinuous analysis     longitudinal joints     existing shield tunnel     Timoshenko beam     Dirac delta function    

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A real-life stability model for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils

Xinyu HU, Zixin ZHANG, Scott KIEFFER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 176-187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0149-7

摘要： The current models that have been published to date only allow for homogeneous soil at the tunnel face. This paper presents a real-life face stability model to determine the minimal pressure needed at the tunnel face for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils. It is found that the influence of multilayered soil boundaries is significant, especially for the mixed-layer (e.g., sand and clay) soils. The suggested M-M model is developed by considering the influence of the heterogeneity of the soil on the angle of slip and the minimal support pressure. Comparisons of the solutions in mixed-layer soils are conducted, and the effects of the involved parameters for a large, multilayered, shield-driven tunnel are also investigated.

关键词： analytical solution     shield-driven tunnel     multilayered soil     face stability    

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Numerical and experimental analyses of methane leakage in shield tunnel

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 1011-1020 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0956-z

摘要： Tunnels constructed in gas-bearing strata are affected by the potential leakage of harmful gases, such as methane gas. Based on the basic principles of computational fluid dynamics, a numerical analysis was performed to simulate the ventilation and diffusion of harmful gases in a shield tunnel, and the effect of ventilation airflow speed on the diffusion of harmful gases was evaluated. As the airflow speed increased from 1.8 to 5.4 m/s, the methane emission was diluted, and the methane accumulation was only observed in the area near the methane leakage channels. The influence of increased ventilation airflow velocity was dominant for the ventilation modes with two and four fans. In addition, laboratory tests on methane leakage through segment joints were performed. The results show that the leakage process can be divided into “rapid leakage” and “slight leakage”, depending on the leakage pressure and the state of joint deformation. Based on the numerical and experimental analysis results, a relationship between the safety level and the joint deformation is established, which can be used as guidelines for maintaining utility tunnels.

关键词： shield tunnel     harmful gas leakage     numerical analysis     laboratory test    

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Technical innovation in the “Beishan No. 1” hard rock tunnel boring machine for high-gradient spiral

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2024年 第11卷 第1期   页码 175-179 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0288-7

摘要： Technical innovation in the “Beishan No. 1” hard rock tunnel boring machine for high-gradient spiral tunnels

关键词： tunnel boring machine     extremely hard rock     continuous small-radius curves     high gradient     equipment technology     innovation    

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Real-time prediction of tunnel face conditions using XGBoost Random Forest algorithm

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1777-1795 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0044-4

摘要： Real-time perception of rock conditions based on continuously collected data to meet the requirements of continuous Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) construction presents a critical challenge that warrants increased attention. To achieve this goal, this paper establishes real-time prediction models for fractured and weak rock mass by comparing 6 different algorithms using real-time data collected by the TBM. The models are optimized in terms of selecting metric, selecting input features, and processing imbalanced data. The results demonstrate the following points. (1) The Youden’s index and area under the ROC curve (AUC) are the most appropriate performance metrics, and the XGBoost Random Forest (XGBRF) algorithm exhibits superior prediction and generalization performance. (2) The duration of the TBM loading phase is short, usually within a few minutes after the disc cutter contacts the tunnel face. A model based on the features during the loading phase has a miss rate of 21.8%, indicating that it can meet the early warning needs of TBM construction well. As the TBM continues to operate, the inclusion of features calculated from subsequent data collection can continuously correct the results of the real-time prediction model, ultimately reducing the miss rate to 16.1%. (3) Resampling the imbalanced data set can effectively improve the prediction by the model, while the XGBRF algorithm has certain advantages in dealing with the imbalanced data issue. When the model gives an alarm, the TBM operator and on-site engineer can be reminded and take some necessary measures for avoiding potential tunnel collapse. The real-time predication model can be a useful tool to increase the safety of TBM excavation.

关键词： Tunnel Boring Machine     fractured and weak rock mass     machine learning model     real-time early warming     tunnel face rock condition    

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Fast detection algorithm for cracks on tunnel linings based on deep semantic segmentation

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 732-744 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0965-y

摘要： An algorithm based on deep semantic segmentation called LC-DeepLab is proposed for detecting the trends and geometries of cracks on tunnel linings at the pixel level. The proposed method addresses the low accuracy of tunnel crack segmentation and the slow detection speed of conventional models in complex backgrounds. The novel algorithm is based on the DeepLabv3+ network framework. A lighter backbone network was used for feature extraction. Next, an efficient shallow feature fusion module that extracts crack features across pixels is designed to improve the edges of crack segmentation. Finally, an efficient attention module that significantly improves the anti-interference ability of the model in complex backgrounds is validated. Four classic semantic segmentation algorithms (fully convolutional network, pyramid scene parsing network, U-Net, and DeepLabv3+) are selected for comparative analysis to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that LC-DeepLab can accurately segment and highlight cracks from tunnel linings in complex backgrounds, and the accuracy (mean intersection over union) is 78.26%. The LC-DeepLab can achieve a real-time segmentation of 416 × 416 × 3 defect images with 46.98 f/s and 21.85 Mb parameters.

关键词： tunnel engineering     crack segmentation     fast detection     DeepLabv3+     feature fusion     attention mechanism    

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中国大陆典型水下隧道工程案例与技术

洪开荣

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第6期   页码 871-879 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.007

摘要：
中国大陆近十多年来修建了较多的水下隧道，其技术也取得了长足的发展。文章按工法分类，简要介绍了我国水下隧道的发展历程与现状，同时结合典型水下隧道的工程案例，综述了包括盾构法、钻爆法、沉管法修建的我国几座主要水下隧道工程，以及在这些工程中的技术创新所解决的重难点问题，如地质综合预报、注浆加固方法与工艺、软弱地层超浅埋大断面隧道的设计与施工、限排降压换刀、孤石的探测与处理、高地震烈度区的水下隧道建设、沉管基槽高回淤的处理等；综合分析了现有的技术基础与建设能力，提出了对我国三大海峡通道（琼州海峡通道、渤海湾海峡通道、台湾海峡通道）的一些思考，并指出海峡通道建设还需进一步研究的问题。

关键词： 水下隧道     海峡通道     盾构法     沉管法     钻爆法    

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Technical innovation for Sanyang Road Cross-river Tunnel Project

Yu ZHONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 411-415 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018206

摘要：

关键词： valign=     top     class=     J_zhaiyao    

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Investigation of the first quasi-rectangular metro tunnel constructed by the 0- method

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1707-1722 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0991-9

摘要： Quasi-rectangular shield tunneling is a cutting-edge trenchless method for constructing metro tunnels with double tubes, owing to its advantages in saving underground space and reducing ground disturbance. However, the conventional quasi-rectangular shield tunneling method is not applicable when constructing a tunnel without a center pillar, such as a scissor crossover section of a metro line. Therefore, the 0-θ tunneling method, which combines the quasi-rectangular shield and pipe jacking methods, was investigated in this study to solve the aforementioned construction challenges. This study presents a case study of the Sijiqing Station of the Hangzhou Metro Line 9 in China, in which the 0-θ method was first proposed and applied. Key techniques such as switching between two types of tunneling modes and the tunneling process control in complex construction environments were investigated. The results demonstrated that the 0-θ method can address the technical challenges presented by the post-transition line with a high curvature and a scissors crossover line. In addition, the adoption of the 0-θ method ensured that the transformation between shield tunneling and pipe jacking was safe and efficient. The ground settlement monitoring results demonstrated that the disturbance to the surrounding environment can be limited to a safe level. This case study contributes to the construction technology for a metro tunnel containing both post-transition lines with a small turning radius and a scissors crossover line. A practical construction experience and theoretical guidance were provided in this study, which are of significance for both the industry and academia.

关键词： quasi-rectangular tunnel     0-θ method     pipe jacking     shield tunneling     underground space    

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Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles

Qing TANG, Liping CHEN, Ruirui ZHANG, Min XU, Gang XU, Tongchuan YI, Bin ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第4期   页码 442-454 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017169

摘要：

A series of air induction nozzles were tested in a high-speed wind tunnel. Droplet size spectra were measured for four air induction nozzles (IDK-120-01, IDK-120-02, IDK-120-03 and IDK-120-04) each at three spray pressures (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa) and seven different air velocities (121.7, 153.4, 185.5, 218.4, 253.5, 277.5 and 305.5 km·h ). The measurement distance (0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 m) from the nozzle orifice was found to be important for the atomization of the droplets. The response surface method was used to analyze the experimental data. The results indicated that v and v of the droplets decreased quasi-linearly with increased wind speed, while v was affected by the quadratic of wind speed. v , v and v of the droplets were all proportional to the orifice size, and were not markedly influenced by the spray pressure. The percentage of the spray volume consisting of droplets with a diameter below 100 mm (%<100 mm) was found to be quadratically related to wind speed, and was not markedly influenced by the spray pressure and orifice size. However, the effect of the orifice size on the %<200 mm could not be ignored.

关键词： air induction nozzle     wind tunnel     aerial spray     droplet size spectra    

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Bending failure performance of a shield tunnel segment based on full-scale test and numerical analysis

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 1033-1046 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0973-y

摘要： This study focuses on the bending failure performance of a shield tunnel segment. A full-scale test was conducted to investigate deformation and failure characteristics. During the loading, the bending failure process can be divided into four stages: the elastic stage, working stage with cracks, failure stage, and ultimate stage. The characteristic loads between contiguous stages are the cracking, failure, and ultimate loads. A numerical model corresponding to the test was established using the elastoplastic damage constitutive model of concrete. After a comparative analysis of the simulation and test results, parametric studies were performed to discuss the influence of the reinforcement ratio and proportion of tensile longitudinal reinforcement on the bearing capacity. The results indicated that the change in the reinforcement ratio and the proportion of tensile longitudinal reinforcement had little effect on the cracking load but significantly influenced the failure and ultimate loads of the segment. It is suggested that in the reinforcement design of the subway segment, the reinforcement ratio and the proportion of tensile longitudinal reinforcement can be chosen in the range of 0.7%–1.2% and 49%–55%, respectively, allowing the segment to effectively use the reinforcement and exert the design strength, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the segment.

关键词： shield tunnel     bearing capacity     failure mechanism     segment reinforcement    

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Construction risks of Huaying mount tunnel and countermeasures

Haibo YAO, Feng GAO, Shigang YU, Wei DANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 279-285 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0414-x

摘要： The Chongqing-Guang’an motorway is planned to cross Huaying mount at Jingguan town of Chongqing city. The whole mount is a colossal anticline whose core is consisted of coal measure strata (upper Permian Longtan formation P l) and the limbs are limestone strata (middle Triassic Leikoupo formation T l and lower Triassic Jialingjiang formation T j). The tunneling is full of risks of collapse, gas explosion or gas outburst, water (mud) inrush, gas inrush because of existence of faults, high pressure gas, karst tectonics and coal goafs around the tunnel. In order to cope with the high risk, two main countermeasures were taken to ensure security of construction. One is geology prediction, and the other is automatic wireless real-time monitoring system, which contains monitoring of video, wind speed, poisonous gas (CH , CO, H S, SO ), people location, and automatic power-off equipment while gas contents being more than warning threshold. These ascertained the engineering safety effectively.

关键词： tunnel?construction     gas?outburst     geology?prediction     automatic?monitoring?system    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Hard-rock tunnel lithology identification using multi-scale dilated convolutional attention network basedon tunnel face images

期刊论文

Effect of cutterhead configuration on tunnel face stability during shield machine maintenance outages

期刊论文

土质隧道深浅埋界定方法研究

赵占厂,谢永利

期刊论文

Discontinuous mechanical behaviors of existing shield tunnel with stiffness reduction at longitudinal

期刊论文

A real-life stability model for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils

Xinyu HU, Zixin ZHANG, Scott KIEFFER

期刊论文

Numerical and experimental analyses of methane leakage in shield tunnel

期刊论文

Technical innovation in the “Beishan No. 1” hard rock tunnel boring machine for high-gradient spiral

期刊论文

Real-time prediction of tunnel face conditions using XGBoost Random Forest algorithm

期刊论文

Fast detection algorithm for cracks on tunnel linings based on deep semantic segmentation

期刊论文

中国大陆典型水下隧道工程案例与技术

洪开荣

期刊论文

Technical innovation for Sanyang Road Cross-river Tunnel Project

Yu ZHONG

期刊论文

Investigation of the first quasi-rectangular metro tunnel constructed by the 0- method

期刊论文

Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles

Qing TANG, Liping CHEN, Ruirui ZHANG, Min XU, Gang XU, Tongchuan YI, Bin ZHANG

期刊论文

Bending failure performance of a shield tunnel segment based on full-scale test and numerical analysis

期刊论文

Construction risks of Huaying mount tunnel and countermeasures

Haibo YAO, Feng GAO, Shigang YU, Wei DANG

期刊论文