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AF/PSTM图像分解方法及其数值模拟结果

吴世法,潘石,章健,刘伟,王景芝,黄玉起

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第8期页码 33-36

摘要：

介绍1996年申请的一项发明专利——光纤尖“共振原子力/光子扫描隧道显微镜（AF/PSTM）”图像分解方法。该方法用入射角以光纤尖轴线为π对称的光束照明样品消假像，在AF/PSTM双功能弯光纤尖共振频率条件下，采用等尖至样品平均间距（即等振幅）扫描或等光子隧道信息平均强度扫描两种模式成像，分解样品光学图像和形貌图像用最简单的PSTM两介质模型推导了近似的图像分解的解析表达式，最后用PSTM四介质模型数值模拟结果说明了该方法是可行的和有效的。

关键词： AF/PSTM PSTM消假像 PSTM图像分解 PSTM数值模拟

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Protective effects of lignin fractions obtained from grape seeds against bisphenol AF neurotoxicity via

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期页码 976-989 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2237-0

摘要： Lignin exhibits antioxidative and various other biological properties. However, its neuroprotection capability has rarely been studied. In this study, three types of lignin with different structures were prepared from grape seeds by using different isolation techniques. The antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of the lignin fractions were evaluated with the apoptosis model of murine neuroectodermal (NE-4C) neural stem cells stimulated with bisphenol AF. The results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentration for scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl with water-soluble lignin (L-W, 58.19 μg·mL^–1) was lower than those of lignin in the autohydrolyzed residue of grape seeds (84.27 μg·mL^–1) and original lignin in grape seeds (99.44 μg·mL^–1). BPAF exposure had negative effects on the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in NE-4C cells, which can be reversed by using the prepared lignin to reduce oxidative stress. An immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that grape seed lignin induced protective effects on BPAF-injured NE-4C cells via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 pathway. In addition, correlational analyses showed that lignin (L-W) with lower molecular weights and noncondensed phenolic hydroxyl group content and higher contents of COOH groups effectively prevented cell apoptosis, scavenged reactive oxygen species, and ensured protection from nerve injury. This study demonstrated that grape seed lignin can be used as a neuroprotective agent and serves as a demonstration of active lignin production from grape seed waste.

关键词： grape seed lignin structure antioxidant NE-4C cells neuroprotection