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印染废水 1

好氧生物处理 1

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The main anammox-based processes, the involved microbes and the novel process concept from the application

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1487-1

摘要：

• The PNA, denitratation/anammox, and DAMO/anammox process are reviewed together.

关键词： Anammox Nitritation Denitratation Denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation Mainstream wastewater

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Biogenic palladium prepared by activated sludge microbes for the hexavalent chromium catalytic reduction

Luman Zhou, Chengyang Wu, Yuwei Xie, Siqing Xia

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1206-4

摘要： • Pd nanoparticles could be reduced and supported by activated sludge microbes. • The effect of biomass on Pd adsorption by microbes is greater than Pd reduction. • More biomass reduces Pd particle size, which is more dispersed on the cell surface. • When the biomass/Pd add to 6, the catalytic reduction rate of Cr(VI) reaches stable. Palladium, a kind of platinum group metal, owns catalytic capacity for a variety of hydrogenations. In this study, Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) were generated through enzymatic recovery by microbes of activated sludge at various biomass/Pd, and further used for the Cr(VI) reduction. The results show that biomass had a strong adsorption capacity for Pd(II), which was 17.25 mg Pd/g sludge. The XRD and TEM-EDX results confirmed the existence of PdNPs associated with microbes (bio-Pd). The increase of biomass had little effect on the reduction rate of Pd(II), but it could cause decreasing particle size and shifting location of Pd(0) with the better dispersion degree on the cell surface. In the Cr(VI) reduction experiments, Cr(VI) was first adsorbed on bio-Pd with hydrogen and then reduced using active hydrogen as electron donor. Biomass improved the catalytic activity of PdNPs. When the biomass/Pd (w/w) ratio increased to six or higher, Cr(VI) reduction achieved maximum rate that 50 mg/L of Cr(VI) could be rapidly reduced in one minute.

关键词： Palladium nanoparticles Activated sludge Hexavalent chromium

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Synthetically engineered microbes reveal interesting principles of cooperation

Michael D. Dressler,Corey J. Clark,Chelsea A. Thachettu,Yasmine Zakaria,Omar Tonsi Eldakar,Robert P. Smith

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 3-14 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1605-z

摘要： Cooperation is ubiquitous in biological systems. However, if natural selection favors traits that confer an advantage to one individual over another, then helping others would be paradoxical. Nevertheless, cooperation persists and is critical in maintaining homeostasis in systems ranging from populations of bacteria to groupings of mammals. Developing an understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms by which cooperation operates is critical in understanding ecological and evolutionary relationships. Over the past decade, synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful tool to study social dynamics. By engineering rationally controlled and modulatable behavior into microbes, we have increased our overall understanding of how cooperation enhances, or conversely constrains, populations. Furthermore, it has increased our understanding of how cooperation is maintained within populations, which may provide a useful framework to influence populations by altering cooperation. As many bacterial pathogens require cooperation to infect the host and survive, the principles developed using synthetic biology offer promise of developing novel tools and strategies to treat infections, which may reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. Overall, the use of engineered cooperative microbes has allowed the field to verify existing, and develop novel, theories that may govern cooperative behaviors at all levels of biology.

关键词： synthetic biology engineered bacteria cooperation cheater quorum sensing

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好氧生物水处理调试过程中微生物种群变化的分析与应用

张雷,刘娜,崔红涛,周强,卢小光,赵志宾

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 209-212

摘要：

通过对保定市某印染纺织有限公司印染废水调试过程中微生物的镜检分析，发现在调试过程中微生物相的变化有一定的规律可循，简单介绍了各个阶段的微生物种群，并对其变化的原因做简单分析，为水处理调试过程的微生物监测方法提供一些可参考的依据。

关键词：印染废水好氧生物处理微生物种群变化

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EFFECT OF SOLARIZATION TO KILL BRADYSIA CELLARUM ON CHINESE CHIVE GROWTH AND SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 52-62 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021402

摘要：

Bradysia cellarum Frey (Diptera: Sciaridae) is an important subterranean pest and is especially damaging to Chinese chive. An effective and more environmentally safe method than pesticides is needed for its control. The efficacy of B. cellarum control, growth of Chinese chive and soil microbial diversity were investigated after uae of soil solarization to exterminate this insect pest. The results show that on the first day after soil solarization 100% control of B. cellarum was achieved. Growth of Chinese chive was lower in solarized plots than in control plots over the first 10 d after treatment. Chive growth in solarized plots increased subsequently to match that in the control plots. Moreover, the soil microbial community diversity in the treatment group decreased initially before gradually recovering. In addition, the abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the genus Bacillus and the phyla Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes increased significantly. Soil solarization is therefore practical and worthy of promotion in Chinese chive-growing regions.

关键词： Bradysia cellarum / Chinese chive / control / soil microbes / soil solarization

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Microbial mediated arsenic biotransformation in wetlands

Si-Yu Zhang, Paul N. Williams, Jinming Luo, Yong-Guan Zhu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0893-y

摘要： Distribution and behavior of arsenic in wetland are summarized. Macro-scale and micro-scale processes in wetland are reviewed. Microbes act as the switch in determining wetland as a source or sink of arsenic. Environmental factors affecting arsenic microbial biotransformation are summarized. Arsenic (As) is a pervasive environmental toxin and carcinogenic metalloid. It ranks at the top of the US priority List of Hazardous Substances and causes worldwide human health problems. Wetlands, including natural and artificial ecosystems (i.e. paddy soils) are highly susceptible to As enrichment; acting not only as repositories for water but a host of other elemental/chemical moieties. While macro-scale processes (physical and geological) supply As to wetlands, it is the micro-scale biogeochemistry that regulates the fluxes of As and other trace elements from the semi-terrestrial to neighboring plant/aquatic/atmospheric compartments. Among these fine-scale events, microbial mediated As biotransformations contribute most to the element’s changing forms, acting as the ‘switch’ in defining a wetland as either a source or sink of As. Much of our understanding of these important microbial catalyzed reactions follows relatively recent scientific discoveries. Here we document some of these key advances, with focuses on the implications that wetlands and their microbial mediated transformation pathways have on the global As cycle, the chemistries of microbial mediated As oxidation, reduction and methylation, and future research priorities areas.

关键词： Arsenic Wetland Microbes Switch

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病理状态下肠道微生态的调节

王玉兰, 王保红, 吴俊芳, 江向洋, 唐惠儒, Ole H. Nielsen

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第1期页码 83-89 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.013

摘要：

人类微生态是寄居在人体中的微生物聚集体，且主要存在于胃肠道(GIT) 中。肠道微生态随着人体发育而演化，并在人类健康和疾病中起着重要作用。近年来，由于微生态会影响宿主代谢、生理学和免疫系统发育，而且微生态紊乱可能导致许多疾病，其越来越受到人们的关注。肠道微生态可能与恶性肿瘤有一定联系，如胃癌和结直肠癌；也可能与其他一些疾病有关，如非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)、被称为工业化世界“生活方式疾病”的肥胖和糖尿病、冠心病以及中枢神经系统紊乱。虽然分子技术革命为我们更准确地研究肠道微生态提供了必要的工具，但是我们需要更精确地阐明其与某些人类疾病病理变化的关系，明确微生态在不同疾病中的作用是新的治疗策略发展的基础。本文概述了肠道微生态对人类健康的重要影响以及调整肠道菌群结构的潜在用途，如菌群移植用于治疗耐药艰难梭菌(C. difficile) 的感染。通过微生态干预调整肠道区域以改善人类健康的概念虽刚刚兴起，但其治疗意义显著。因此，抑制有害菌、促进有益菌可能会保护人类健康，并且这些努力将为探索发展更加合理的治疗方案打下基础。

关键词：肠道菌群疾病菌群调节